tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-32385993349924816702024-03-23T23:29:39.433-07:00Langdon NotablesUnknownnoreply@blogger.comBlogger406125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3238599334992481670.post-9780050909843964432024-03-10T17:13:00.000-07:002024-03-10T17:13:48.516-07:00Jackie Kennedy<p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjywLnhG6iwDy4EF1V9Edhtkm5s8hiWfmlThjitV6LCtoZHjBGu52x9nKgKS1Nd2KhlekZCd5Y1LvhGMAzLtTGmpk49VupTO_UYh3wDdEh-5g-GON4K1hXv3XDdpG4mYCT7mDvMq9xTpNotnudUNYd4maBNFENWmq8F9FZ-DWGHw3lFkJwqdCwRQjh-ajk/s1066/Jackie%20Kennedy.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1066" data-original-width="720" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjywLnhG6iwDy4EF1V9Edhtkm5s8hiWfmlThjitV6LCtoZHjBGu52x9nKgKS1Nd2KhlekZCd5Y1LvhGMAzLtTGmpk49VupTO_UYh3wDdEh-5g-GON4K1hXv3XDdpG4mYCT7mDvMq9xTpNotnudUNYd4maBNFENWmq8F9FZ-DWGHw3lFkJwqdCwRQjh-ajk/w135-h200/Jackie%20Kennedy.jpg" width="135" /></a></div><br /> <p></p><p><b>Jacqueline</b> "<b>Jackie</b>" <b>Lee Kennedy Onassis</b> (<span title="Name at birth"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birth_name#Maiden_and_married_names" title="Birth name">née</a> <b>Bouvier</b></span> <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted;"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'b' in 'buy'">b</span><span title="/uː/: 'oo' in 'goose'">uː</span><span title="'v' in 'vie'">v</span><span title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</span><span title="/eɪ/: 'a' in 'face'">eɪ</span></span>/</a></span></span>; July 28, 1929 – May 19, 1994) was an American writer, book editor, and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socialite" title="Socialite">socialite</a> who served as the <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_lady_of_the_United_States" title="First lady of the United States">first lady of the United States</a> from 1961 to 1963, as the wife of President <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">John F. Kennedy</a>.
A popular first lady, she endeared the American public with her
devotion to her family, dedication to the historic preservation of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House" title="White House">White House</a>,
the campaigns she led to preserve and restore historic landmarks and
architecture along with her interest in American history, culture and
arts. During her lifetime, she was regarded as an international icon for
her unique fashion choices, and her work as a cultural ambassador of
the United States made her very popular globally.
</p><p>After studying history and art at <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vassar_College" title="Vassar College">Vassar College</a> and graduating with a Bachelor of Arts in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_literature" title="French literature">French literature</a> from <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington_University" title="George Washington University">George Washington University</a> in 1951, Bouvier started working for the <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington_Times-Herald" title="Washington Times-Herald">Washington Times-Herald</a></i> as an inquiring photographer. The following year, she met then-<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">Congressman</a> John Kennedy at a dinner party in Washington. He was elected to the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">Senate</a> that same year, and the couple married on September 12, 1953, in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newport,_Rhode_Island" title="Newport, Rhode Island">Newport, Rhode Island</a>. They had four children, two of whom <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kennedy_curse" title="Kennedy curse">died in infancy</a>. Following her husband's <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Election_of_John_F._Kennedy_as_President_of_the_United_States" title="Election of John F. Kennedy as President of the United States">election to the presidency</a> in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1960_United_States_presidential_election" title="1960 United States presidential election">1960</a>,
Kennedy was known for her highly publicized restoration of the White
House and emphasis on arts and culture as well as for her style. She
also traveled to many countries where her fluency in foreign languages
and history made her very popular.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-3"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacqueline_Kennedy_Onassis#cite_note-3">[3]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-4"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacqueline_Kennedy_Onassis#cite_note-4">[4]</a></sup> At age 31, she was named <i>Time</i> magazine's Woman of the Year in 1962.
</p><p>After her husband's <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assassination_of_John_F._Kennedy" title="Assassination of John F. Kennedy">assassination</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_funeral_of_John_F._Kennedy" title="State funeral of John F. Kennedy">funeral</a> in 1963, Kennedy and her children largely withdrew from public view. In 1968, she married Greek shipping magnate <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristotle_Onassis" title="Aristotle Onassis">Aristotle Onassis</a>, which caused controversy. Following Onassis's death in 1975, she had a career as a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Editing" title="Editing">book editor</a> in New York City, first at <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viking_Press" title="Viking Press">Viking Press</a> and then at <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doubleday_(publisher)" title="Doubleday (publisher)">Doubleday</a>,
and worked to restore her public image. Even after her death, she ranks
as one of the most popular and recognizable first ladies in American
history, and in 1999, she was listed as one of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallup%27s_most_admired_man_and_woman_poll" title="Gallup's most admired man and woman poll">Gallup's Most-Admired Men and Women</a> of the 20th century. She died in 1994 and was buried at <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arlington_National_Cemetery" title="Arlington National Cemetery">Arlington National Cemetery</a> alongside President Kennedy and two of their children, one stillborn and one who died shortly after birth. Surveys of historians conducted periodically by the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siena_College_Research_Institute" title="Siena College Research Institute">Siena College Research Institute</a>
since 1982 have consistently found Kennedy Onassis to rank among the
most highly regarded first ladies by the assessments of historians. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacqueline_Kennedy_Onassis" target="_blank">Wikipedia for which see more</a></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjI1FgmAL2C9_WFNeSDzq8tQGSAUZ1RaDU7r68UVAYrARJh-Gs4nTQT5_96hdxFoZnEU_CR2pWy3Kdb7Y_wItOYxl4Yyqmr_9QmLJkRuFxTee6Pnbgf2zj-wC2K0x_dGdJj5e-TD59Q_3tEaS7xadZznYGNx61VHgCti-HCK1saBaYp6xLOeWpVQiP5Czg/s2115/Relationship_%20Edward%20ROCKSTEIN%20to%20Jacqueline%20Lee%20Bouvier.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2115" data-original-width="818" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjI1FgmAL2C9_WFNeSDzq8tQGSAUZ1RaDU7r68UVAYrARJh-Gs4nTQT5_96hdxFoZnEU_CR2pWy3Kdb7Y_wItOYxl4Yyqmr_9QmLJkRuFxTee6Pnbgf2zj-wC2K0x_dGdJj5e-TD59Q_3tEaS7xadZznYGNx61VHgCti-HCK1saBaYp6xLOeWpVQiP5Czg/s16000/Relationship_%20Edward%20ROCKSTEIN%20to%20Jacqueline%20Lee%20Bouvier.png" /></a></div><br /><p><br /></p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacqueline_Kennedy_Onassis" target="_blank"> </a></p>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3238599334992481670.post-88726719280935497562024-03-10T10:44:00.000-07:002024-03-10T10:44:02.104-07:00Bob Ross--Joy of Painting--"Mister Rogers with a Palette"<p> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgkoxLDb9_UD5hgfhHk660Ic56sEWJosPjizb2xDuMtWk8Na87onJ9WUVN3qqiTLhYr7TTtn8SMNi_xHd1MFk35q6oB6vzXkUPoA3jTD7x8LCHKTQPYSEeqqCgzjIYiP0op8pEDZjKVS9Mnp9a5SVhvB0WFjKS6IMlBifT2SbJ0Iwq6vuZh2J63qt0tgT8/s358/Bob%20Ross.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="358" data-original-width="278" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgkoxLDb9_UD5hgfhHk660Ic56sEWJosPjizb2xDuMtWk8Na87onJ9WUVN3qqiTLhYr7TTtn8SMNi_xHd1MFk35q6oB6vzXkUPoA3jTD7x8LCHKTQPYSEeqqCgzjIYiP0op8pEDZjKVS9Mnp9a5SVhvB0WFjKS6IMlBifT2SbJ0Iwq6vuZh2J63qt0tgT8/w248-h320/Bob%20Ross.jpg" width="248" /></a></div><b> </b><p></p><p><b>Robert Norman Ross</b> (October 29, 1942 – July 4, 1995) was an American painter and art instructor who created and hosted the <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Joy_of_Painting" title="The Joy of Painting">The Joy of Painting</a></i>, an instructional television program that aired from 1983 to 1994 on <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PBS" title="PBS">PBS</a> in the United States, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CBC_Television" title="CBC Television">CBC</a>
in Canada, and similar channels in Latin America, Europe and elsewhere.
Ross would subsequently become widely known through his posthumous
internet presence.</p><p>Ross was born in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daytona_Beach,_Florida" title="Daytona Beach, Florida">Daytona Beach, Florida</a>, to Jack and Ollie Ross, a carpenter and a waitress respectively, and raised in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orlando,_Florida" title="Orlando, Florida">Orlando, Florida</a>. As an adolescent, Ross cared for injured animals, including <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armadillo" title="Armadillo">armadillos</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snake" title="Snake">snakes</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alligator" title="Alligator">alligators</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Squirrel" title="Squirrel">squirrels</a>, one of which was later featured in several episodes of his television show. He had a half-brother Jim, whom he mentioned in passing on his show. Ross dropped out of high school in the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ninth_grade" title="Ninth grade">9th grade</a>. While working as a carpenter with his father, he lost part of his left <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_finger" title="Index finger">index finger</a>, which did not affect his ability to later hold a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palette_(painting)" title="Palette (painting)">palette</a> while painting.</p><p>In 1961, 18-year-old Ross enlisted in the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Air_Force" title="United States Air Force">United States Air Force</a> and was put into service as a medical records technician.<sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 15"> </span></sup> He rose to the rank of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Master_sergeant#U.S._Air_Force" title="Master sergeant">master sergeant</a> and served as the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_sergeant#US_Air_Force_and_US_Space_Force" title="First sergeant">first sergeant</a> of the clinic at <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eielson_Air_Force_Base" title="Eielson Air Force Base">Eielson Air Force Base</a> in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska">Alaska</a>,
where he first saw the snow and mountains that later appear as
recurring themes in his paintings. He developed his quick painting
technique during brief daily work breaks.
Having held military positions that required him to act tough and mean,
"the guy who makes you scrub the latrine, the guy who makes you make
your bed, the guy who screams at you for being late to work", Ross
decided he would not raise his voice when he left the military.</p><p>During his 20-year Air Force career, Ross developed an interest in painting after attending an art class at the Anchorage <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Service_Organizations" title="United Service Organizations">U.S.O.</a> club. He found himself frequently at odds with many of his painting instructors, who were more interested in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abstract_art" title="Abstract art">abstract painting</a>. Ross said, "They'd tell you what makes a tree, but they wouldn't tell you how to paint a tree."
</p><p>Ross was working as a part-time bartender when he discovered a TV show called <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Magic_of_Oil_Painting" title="The Magic of Oil Painting">The Magic of Oil Painting</a></i>, hosted by German painter <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Alexander_(painter)" title="Bill Alexander (painter)">Bill Alexander</a>.<sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 17–18"> </span></sup> Alexander used a 16th-century painting style called <span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wet-on-wet" title="Wet-on-wet">alla prima</a></i></span>
(Italian for 'first attempt'), widely known as "wet-on-wet", that
allowed him to create a painting within thirty minutes. Ross studied and
mastered the technique, began painting and then successfully selling <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska">Alaskan landscapes</a> that he would paint on novelty <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gold_panning" title="Gold panning">gold-mining pans</a> Eventually, Ross's income from sales surpassed his military salary. He retired from the Air Force in 1981 as a master sergeant.
</p><p>He returned to Florida, studied painting with Alexander, joined
his "Alexander Magic Art Supplies Company" and became a traveling
salesman and tutor. Annette Kowalski, who had attended one of his
sessions in Clearwater, Florida,
convinced Ross he could succeed on his own. Ross, his wife, Kowalski
and Walt, her husband, pooled their savings to create his company, which
struggled at first.
</p><p>Ross was noted for his <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perm_(hairstyle)" title="Perm (hairstyle)">permed</a> hair, which he ultimately disliked but kept after he had integrated it into the company logo.
</p><p>In 1982, a station in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falls_Church,_Virginia" title="Falls Church, Virginia">Falls Church, Virginia</a>, aired a taping of his art class as a pilot, and 60 PBS stations signed up for the show in the first year. In 1983, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PBS" title="PBS">PBS</a> station <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WIPB" title="WIPB">WIPB</a> lured him to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muncie,_Indiana" title="Muncie, Indiana">Muncie, Indiana</a>,
with the promise of creative freedom, and he found a kinship with the
staff. He moved home to Florida in 1989 but continued to travel to
Muncie every three months to tape the show. Ross said he did the show
for free and made his income from how-to books, videotapes and art
supplies.
</p><p>The show ran from January 11, 1983, to May 17, 1994, but reruns still continue to appear in many broadcast areas and countries, including the non-commercial digital subchannel network <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Create_(TV_network)" title="Create (TV network)">Create</a> and the streaming service <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hulu" title="Hulu">Hulu</a>. In the United Kingdom, the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a> re-ran episodes during the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a> while most viewers were in lockdown at home.
</p><p>During each half-hour segment, Ross would instruct viewers in the quick, wet-on-wet <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil_painting" title="Oil painting">oil painting</a>
technique, painting a scene without sketching it first, but creating
the image directly from his imagination, in real time. He explained his
limited paint palette, deconstructing the process into simple steps.
</p><p>Artist and art critic <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mira_Schor" title="Mira Schor">Mira Schor</a> compared Ross to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fred_Rogers" title="Fred Rogers">Fred Rogers</a>, host of <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mister_Rogers%27_Neighborhood" title="Mister Rogers' Neighborhood">Mister Rogers' Neighborhood</a></i>, noting that Ross's soft voice and the slow pace of his speech were similar.
</p><p>With help from the Kowalskis, Ross used his television show to
promote a line of art supplies and class recordings, building what would
become a $15-million business – Bob Ross Inc. – which would ultimately
expand to include classes taught by other artists trained in his
methods. Following Ross's death, ownership of the company was passed to the Kowalskis.
</p><p>Ross also filmed wildlife, squirrels in particular, usually in
his garden, and he would often take in injured or abandoned squirrels
and other animals. Small animals often appeared on his <i>Joy of Painting</i> canvases.
</p><p>Ross painted an estimated 30,000 paintings during his lifetime.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-:0_18-0"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Ross#cite_note-:0-18">[18]</a></sup>
Despite the unusually high supply of original paintings, Bob Ross
original paintings are scarce on the art market, with sale prices of the
paintings averaging in the thousands of dollars and frequently topping
$10,000. The major auction houses have never sold any of Ross's
paintings, and Bob Ross Inc. continues to own many of the ones he
painted for <i>The Joy of Painting</i>, as Ross himself was opposed to having his work turned into financial instruments. "A Walk in the Woods", Ross's first television painting, was sold in a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pledge_drive" title="Pledge drive">pledge drive</a>
offering shortly after the first season aired; it is, as of September
2023, in the hands of Ryan Nelson, a Minnesota-based art dealer who
acquired it from its original buyer and has been the primary dealer for
the few Ross paintings that have reached the open art market. Nelson has
placed an asking price of $9,850,000 for the sale of the painting and
has indicated he has other plans for the painting if it does not sell
for that price.
</p><p>In contrast to more traditionally famous artists, Ross's work,
described by an art appraisal service as a cross between "fine art" and
"entertainment memorabilia" — is most highly sought after by common fans
of <i>The Joy of Painting</i>, as opposed to wealthy collectors. The
artwork circulating among collectors is largely from Ross's work from
before he launched the television show.</p><p>A cigarette smoker for most of his adult life, Ross expected to die
young and had several health problems over the course of his life. He died at the age of 52 on July 4, 1995, in <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orlando" title="Orlando">Orlando</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a>, due to complications from <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lymphoma" title="Lymphoma">lymphoma</a>.
</p><p>His remains are interred at Woodlawn Memorial Park in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gotha,_Florida" title="Gotha, Florida">Gotha, Florida</a>, under a plaque marked "Bob Ross; Television Artist".
Ross kept his diagnosis a secret from the general public. His lymphoma
was not known outside of his circle of family and friends until after
his death.
</p><p>Under the terms of the incorporation of Bob Ross Inc., the death
of any partner in the company would lead to that person's stock being
equally divided among the partners. Ross's death, along with that of his
second wife, the other partner in the company, left the Kowalskis with
sole ownership of the company. The Kowalskis were largely only
interested in using Ross's name for painting supplies. They became very
aggressive against Ross's family members and associates, allegedly
trying to pressure an ailing Ross to sign over rights to his estate
before his death.
</p><p>Instead, Ross wrote the Kowalskis out of his will and testament,
leaving his estate and rights to his name and likeness to his son Steve
and half-brother Jimmie Cox. The Kowalskis countered that virtually
everything Ross had done in his lifetime was a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Work_for_hire" title="Work for hire">work for hire</a> and thus Ross had no right to bequeath them. The Kowalskis eventually won the lawsuit.
</p><p>After the Kowalskis retired and Joan Kowalski took over the company, she became more open to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merchandising" title="Merchandising">merchandising</a>
the Ross brand outside of its core business of painting products,
setting in motion the mass marketing of his name from the 2010s onward.
Joan also engineered a settlement with Steve Ross and Jimmie Cox
granting Bob Ross Inc. rights to Ross's name and likeness, in exchange
for a guarantee that Steve Ross could resume his art career without
threat of lawsuit, something that Steve Ross said had largely stopped
him from painting in public after his father's death.</p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEicLRSvT9uKUmrk-DLfXR_bmc3_ZQS3EfEquqFn0fGxIv1PcBaH4shC3kyzKQKrR7UOMTYYD9N7T6sGllRYZVeyNS4utGmIvq6dCjv5IjnSCaW_4K0le-sxQRhsN83vL5qBvus3vr_hqHACIw3nOezxleInk_py5ROFVWirP4Ez3zNUC6hCOf8SB28Zs3I/s2115/Relationship_%20Edward%20ROCKSTEIN%20to%20Robert%20Norman%20Ross.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2115" data-original-width="818" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEicLRSvT9uKUmrk-DLfXR_bmc3_ZQS3EfEquqFn0fGxIv1PcBaH4shC3kyzKQKrR7UOMTYYD9N7T6sGllRYZVeyNS4utGmIvq6dCjv5IjnSCaW_4K0le-sxQRhsN83vL5qBvus3vr_hqHACIw3nOezxleInk_py5ROFVWirP4Ez3zNUC6hCOf8SB28Zs3I/s16000/Relationship_%20Edward%20ROCKSTEIN%20to%20Robert%20Norman%20Ross.png" /></a></div><br /> <p></p><p> </p><p> </p>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3238599334992481670.post-81115309791245750162024-03-06T07:33:00.000-08:002024-03-06T07:33:35.861-08:00Howard Duff<p> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiB9GpQhdnEJbrs2Z-IEzAGSK3ndc7gdSkNYhqg67o39UiCnA6X-IlDwo8KdnMAErtJoS5EplTLm8HY0LaSVzSkGm7s8TmpC_HGqy1hIeYFL-wsFtS9_9i-kc-0BNDrFedt5vzgj60eLTpd0yRoMhVxaUn7NQCGOsNDzYoeQ8Evtc2w1-SYgG7FCLAwZK4/s253/Howard%20Duff.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="253" data-original-width="220" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiB9GpQhdnEJbrs2Z-IEzAGSK3ndc7gdSkNYhqg67o39UiCnA6X-IlDwo8KdnMAErtJoS5EplTLm8HY0LaSVzSkGm7s8TmpC_HGqy1hIeYFL-wsFtS9_9i-kc-0BNDrFedt5vzgj60eLTpd0yRoMhVxaUn7NQCGOsNDzYoeQ8Evtc2w1-SYgG7FCLAwZK4/w174-h200/Howard%20Duff.JPG" width="174" /></a></div><p></p><p>Duff was born in Charleston, Washington (today <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bremerton,_Washington#Charleston" title="Bremerton, Washington">a part of Bremerton</a>), in 1913. He graduated from <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roosevelt_High_School_(Seattle,_Washington)" title="Roosevelt High School (Seattle, Washington)">Roosevelt High School</a> in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seattle" title="Seattle">Seattle</a> in 1932, where he began acting in school plays after he was cut from the school basketball team.
</p><p>Duff worked locally in Seattle-area theater until entering the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Army_Air_Corps" title="United States Army Air Corps">United States Army Air Corps</a>
during World War II. He was eventually assigned to their radio service,
and announced re-broadcasts prepared for the Armed Forces Radio Service
(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Forces_Network" title="American Forces Network">AFRS</a>). In this role, he served as the announcer for the drama <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suspense_(radio_drama)" title="Suspense (radio drama)">Suspense</a></i>, dated March 16, 1943. </p><p>Duff's most memorable radio role was as <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dashiell_Hammett" title="Dashiell Hammett">Dashiell Hammett</a>'s private eye <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sam_Spade" title="Sam Spade">Sam Spade</a> in <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Adventures_of_Sam_Spade" title="The Adventures of Sam Spade">The Adventures of Sam Spade</a></i> (1946–1950).
Due to accusations of Duff being a communist and with his TV and film
career starting to take hold, he ultimately left the program in 1950 at
the start of its final season; <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Dunne_(actor)" title="Stephen Dunne (actor)">Stephen Dunne</a> took over the voice role of Spade.</p><p>Duff was signed to a long-term contract with <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Pictures" title="Universal Pictures">Universal</a>, and made his film debut alongside <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burt_Lancaster" title="Burt Lancaster">Burt Lancaster</a> as an inmate in 1947's <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brute_Force_(1947_film)" title="Brute Force (1947 film)">Brute Force</a></i>. The movie was produced by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Hellinger" title="Mark Hellinger">Mark Hellinger</a> and directed by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jules_Dassin" title="Jules Dassin">Jules Dassin</a>, who gave Duff a bigger role in their next film, <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Naked_City" title="The Naked City">The Naked City</a></i> (1948). He subsequently reunited with Lancaster for the family drama <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_My_Sons_(film)" title="All My Sons (film)">All My Sons</a></i> (also 1948), based on the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_My_Sons" title="All My Sons">play of the same name</a> by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Miller" title="Arthur Miller">Arthur Miller</a>.
</p><p>More substantial roles soon followed, with Duff taking the lead in numerous Westerns and films noir including <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illegal_Entry_(film)" title="Illegal Entry (film)">Illegal Entry</a></i>, <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Canyon_(1949_film)" title="Red Canyon (1949 film)">Red Canyon</a></i>, <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnny_Stool_Pigeon" title="Johnny Stool Pigeon">Johnny Stool Pigeon</a></i>, <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calamity_Jane_and_Sam_Bass" title="Calamity Jane and Sam Bass">Calamity Jane and Sam Bass</a></i> (all 1949);<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-6"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Howard_Duff#cite_note-6">[6]</a></sup><i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spy_Hunt" title="Spy Hunt">Spy Hunt</a></i>, <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shakedown_(1950_film)" title="Shakedown (1950 film)">Shakedown</a></i> and <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woman_in_Hiding" title="Woman in Hiding">Woman in Hiding</a></i> (all 1950). The latter film saw Duff act alongside his future wife <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ida_Lupino" title="Ida Lupino">Ida Lupino</a>; the couple would subsequently co-star in a further four films during the 1950s.
</p><p>In 1951, Duff made a pilot for a new radio series, <i>The McCoy</i>. Following his marriage to Lupino in October 1951, Duff was granted a release from his contract with Universal.</p><p>Duff appeared in the 1952 film <i><a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/That_Kind_of_Girl_(1952_film)" title="That Kind of Girl (1952 film)">That Kind of Girl</a></i> (aka <i>Models Inc</i>), and also featured in <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spaceways" title="Spaceways">Spaceways</a></i>, and <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roar_of_the_Crowd" title="Roar of the Crowd">Roar of the Crowd</a></i> (both 1953), the latter for <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monogram_Pictures" title="Monogram Pictures">Monogram Pictures</a>, which ultimately made <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jennifer_(1953_film)" title="Jennifer (1953 film)">Jennifer</a></i> (also 1953), the second movie in which he starred alongside his wife.
</p><p>His other film appearances beside his wife; <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_Siegel" title="Don Siegel">Don Siegel</a>'s <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Private_Hell_36" title="Private Hell 36">Private Hell 36</a></i> (1954); <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewis_Seiler" title="Lewis Seiler">Lewis Seiler</a>'s <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women%27s_Prison_(1955_film)" title="Women's Prison (1955 film)">Women's Prison</a></i> (1955), and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fritz_Lang" title="Fritz Lang">Fritz Lang</a>'s <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/While_the_City_Sleeps_(1956_film)" title="While the City Sleeps (1956 film)">While the City Sleeps</a></i> (1956) continued Duff's successful run of movies during the 1950s. </p><p>In addition to his movie roles, Duff also experienced success in television, with appearances in the 1950s series <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Star_and_the_Story" title="The Star and the Story">The Star and the Story</a></i>, <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climax!" title="Climax!">Climax!</a></i> and <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crossroads_(1955_TV_series)" title="Crossroads (1955 TV series)">Crossroads</a></i>. From January 1957 to July 1958, he appeared with Lupino in the CBS sitcom <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mr._Adams_and_Eve" title="Mr. Adams and Eve">Mr. Adams and Eve</a></i>,
which revolved around the private lives of two fictitious film stars,
Howard Adams and Eve Drake, who were married to each other. They also
served as producers.
</p><p>Other TV roles included an appearance in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NBC" title="NBC">NBC</a>'s <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_(genre)" title="Western (genre)">western</a> series <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonanza" title="Bonanza">Bonanza</a></i>, playing a young <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Langhorne_Clemens" title="Samuel Langhorne Clemens">Samuel Langhorne Clemens</a>
in his early life in the West as a satirical and crusading journalist,
in the first-season episode "Enter Mark Twain". Duff also featured in
episodes of numerous TV series during the 1960s including <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Twilight_Zone_(1959_TV_series)" title="The Twilight Zone (1959 TV series)">The Twilight Zone</a></i>, <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burke%27s_Law_(1963_TV_series)" title="Burke's Law (1963 TV series)">Burke's Law</a></i>, Combat, episode “Missing in Action”<i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Eleventh_Hour_(1962_TV_series)" title="The Eleventh Hour (1962 TV series)">The Eleventh Hour</a></i>, <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mr._Novak" title="Mr. Novak">Mr. Novak</a></i> and <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batman_(TV_series)" title="Batman (TV series)">Batman</a></i>
(the latter in an episode entitled "The Entrancing Dr. Cassandra",
alongside wife Ida Lupino). In 1960, Duff portrayed Arthur Curtis on <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Twilight_Zone_(1959_TV_series)" title="The Twilight Zone (1959 TV series)">The Twilight Zone</a></i> in an episode titled “<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_World_of_Difference" title="A World of Difference">A World of Difference</a>.” In 1963 Duff appeared as Ed Frazer on <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Virginian_(TV_series)" title="The Virginian (TV series)">The Virginian</a></i> in the episode titled "A Distant Fury."
</p><p>Duff had the lead role in the short-lived TV series <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dante_(TV_series)" title="Dante (TV series)">Dante</a></i> (which ran for only one season; 1960–61), but found greater success as Detective Sergeant Sam Stone in the ABC police drama <i><a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felony_Squad" title="Felony Squad">Felony Squad</a></i> (1966–69). Duff appeared in all 73 episodes of the series during its three-season run, alongside his co-stars <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dennis_Cole" title="Dennis Cole">Dennis Cole</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ben_Alexander_(actor)" title="Ben Alexander (actor)">Ben Alexander</a>. He also directed one episode; "The Deadly Abductors".
</p><p>Duff also directed seven episodes of the 1965–1966 television sitcom <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camp_Runamuck" title="Camp Runamuck">Camp Runamuck</a></i>. </p><p>Duff died at age 76 of a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myocardial_infarction" title="Myocardial infarction">heart attack</a> on July 8, 1990, in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa_Barbara,_California" title="Santa Barbara, California">Santa Barbara, California</a>. <br /></p><p> </p><p> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi62-390TaXjPP0gdlO0AmMHYiaw-m3jGbB7vdMmYRtqkb-w33XugOYnopj6rvcIPWgmfj4NnybMRrKLIxv_ueJOTvrEKjHtbnTMmRC_fp2QQZgzrxbXV6_jTwHHn2DPsDNouFPPMkG3HV5Wa6TUNGUZyINWl7kkhoEJwj8CALmWy2BxIoq4sF8YeaFReU/s2115/Relationship_%20Edward%20ROCKSTEIN%20to%20Howard%20Green%20Duff.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2115" data-original-width="818" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi62-390TaXjPP0gdlO0AmMHYiaw-m3jGbB7vdMmYRtqkb-w33XugOYnopj6rvcIPWgmfj4NnybMRrKLIxv_ueJOTvrEKjHtbnTMmRC_fp2QQZgzrxbXV6_jTwHHn2DPsDNouFPPMkG3HV5Wa6TUNGUZyINWl7kkhoEJwj8CALmWy2BxIoq4sF8YeaFReU/s16000/Relationship_%20Edward%20ROCKSTEIN%20to%20Howard%20Green%20Duff.png" /></a></div><br /><p></p><p> </p><p></p>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3238599334992481670.post-17525304066325189172023-12-23T19:08:00.000-08:002024-01-11T07:21:02.123-08:00Rutgers, the Dutch Reformed Church, & Langdon-Rockstein Connections<p></p><p><br /> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgRbHg2gazlF4qWBb83DszhJzXEXqpx-ZNNDlq5EMA0-3d-fSMEV9F828TI4ZEf0-hGsdksRH6hB9oLbqEaxh08cWyvKPTU-n49dPYGrWXcFTxmDdO4w63zfOOh9Zpds_7ouLiclnZ6ZoIsR_eQ57d8xWbXGU-PDSTecC9dlKCMXVt4m-lQeUIA01HjrYc/s2001/Kirkp1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1500" data-original-width="2001" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgRbHg2gazlF4qWBb83DszhJzXEXqpx-ZNNDlq5EMA0-3d-fSMEV9F828TI4ZEf0-hGsdksRH6hB9oLbqEaxh08cWyvKPTU-n49dPYGrWXcFTxmDdO4w63zfOOh9Zpds_7ouLiclnZ6ZoIsR_eQ57d8xWbXGU-PDSTecC9dlKCMXVt4m-lQeUIA01HjrYc/w320-h240/Kirkp1.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><p></p><p style="text-align: center;"> Kirkpatrick Chapel New Brunswick New Jersey<br /></p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg2F0-bg5c0IxO6d2zb_o2_V3C8hLeHi4ULKI_DEbTY_A5I7c_YKe1YPGKLjUqcJ4nEDBh7vTYVhMLxm1kg-yyAZ8nC1hwjoK-Ab2kPJpShUWbXFdZNRbhUWrFbzzAtlevTxkCh7uwRHEctceKQ5Aon39rSG4HMn-GzP-ixUZLTf6Gh6iLy04zM2ozv_oY/s1204/Rutgers%20Seal.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1204" data-original-width="1200" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg2F0-bg5c0IxO6d2zb_o2_V3C8hLeHi4ULKI_DEbTY_A5I7c_YKe1YPGKLjUqcJ4nEDBh7vTYVhMLxm1kg-yyAZ8nC1hwjoK-Ab2kPJpShUWbXFdZNRbhUWrFbzzAtlevTxkCh7uwRHEctceKQ5Aon39rSG4HMn-GzP-ixUZLTf6Gh6iLy04zM2ozv_oY/w199-h200/Rutgers%20Seal.png" width="199" /></a></div><br /> <p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8K5fH_zs4J_iJXXmkwFRRft4kEvevwc8dKRKbrHbfLCII2LfK5n47ru5cIwXs_EFrJ6s3kcvL7yk7s7XfbqtdUn016U8GG70l8W5zq115Uoq51qSNxXSPyCQS8SWmmoTy_olTibR0tf9s6MxJSEq-Y7ktilGEr-FMYlPD0zXubLpmZm-YeebLVxSPflk/s5278/Rutgers%20College%20Ave%20Map.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="5278" data-original-width="4021" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8K5fH_zs4J_iJXXmkwFRRft4kEvevwc8dKRKbrHbfLCII2LfK5n47ru5cIwXs_EFrJ6s3kcvL7yk7s7XfbqtdUn016U8GG70l8W5zq115Uoq51qSNxXSPyCQS8SWmmoTy_olTibR0tf9s6MxJSEq-Y7ktilGEr-FMYlPD0zXubLpmZm-YeebLVxSPflk/w488-h640/Rutgers%20College%20Ave%20Map.jpg" width="488" /></a></div><br /><p></p><div dir="ltr"><span>In the fall of 1959, several of my classmates from the Riverside High School [Riverside, New Jersey] Class of 1959 and I entered Rutgers College in New Brunswick [NJ].
Three of us started out residing on the same floor in <a href="https://scarletandblack.rutgers.edu/archive/exhibits/show/namesakes/frelinghuysen" target="_blank">Freylinghuysen Hall</a>, one
of three newish, high-rise dorms 'on the banks of the Old Raritan' that
also included <a href="https://scarletandblack.rutgers.edu/archive/exhibits/show/namesakes/hardenbergh">Hardenbergh Hall </a>and [then] Livingston Hall, now renamed as Campbell Hall.. </span></div><div dir="ltr"><span> </span></div><div dir="ltr"><span>The following semester I moved across the
street into Hegeman Hall, part of a quad, consisting of Hegeman, Wessels, Leupp, and
Pell Halls known collectively as the Bishop quadrangle on what was part of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queens_Campus%2C_Rutgers_University" target="_blank">Old Queens College campus.. </a></span></div><div dir="ltr"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queens_Campus%2C_Rutgers_University" target="_blank"><span> </span></a></div><div dir="ltr"><span>When I started
at Rutgers I didn't know that it had been founded by members of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dutch_Reformed_Church" target="_blank">Dutch Reformed Church (DRC)</a>. I hadn't even ever heard of the DRC before I matriculated! Well, many years later, when I became deeply involved in our family history,
I found so many Dutch surnames </span><span>in my family tree </span><span> that I thought to
see if we were related to any of the people for whom the quad was named. </span></div><div dir="ltr"><span> </span></div><div dir="ltr"><span>Remarkably, I found that not only were we related to one, but that we were related to many of the people for whom buildings on the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/College_Avenue_Campus">College Avenue Old Queens Campus </a>were named. Also, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Rutgers" target="_blank">Henry Rutgers, the benefactor after whom the school was named</a>, is my 4th cousin seven times removed (4c 7x). </span></div><div dir="ltr"><span> </span></div><div dir="ltr"><span>Starting near the top of the map above and going down the campus, more or less, here are the buildings and name connections below.</span></div><div dir="ltr"><span> </span></div><div dir="ltr"><span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simeon_De_Witt" target="_blank">Simeon De Witt</a> [4c 6x] Building, one of the School of Communications & Information's buildings.</span></div><div dir="ltr"><span> </span></div><div dir="ltr"><span>Alexander Library named for <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archibald_S._Alexander" target="_blank">Archibald Stevens Alexander </a>[half 9c 2x] </span></div><div dir="ltr"><span> </span></div><div dir="ltr"><span>Brower Commons was the Rutgers dining hall, recently replaced by the Atrium, was named for <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_H._Brower" target="_blank">Charles H. Brower</a> [half 9c 3x].</span></div><div dir="ltr"><span><br /></span></div><div dir="ltr"><span>Clothier Hall was named for my 12c 1x, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Clarkson_Clothier" target="_blank">Robert Clarkson Clothier</a>, the fourteenth President of Rutgers. He was the nephew of Isaac Hallowell Clothier [11c 2x] one of the founding partners of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strawbridge%27s" target="_blank">Strawbridge and Clothier</a> Department stores.</span></div><div dir="ltr"><span> </span></div><div dir="ltr"><span>Mettler Hall was named for John Wyckoff Mettler [7c 2x] the founder and president of Interwoven Stocking Company of Somerset County, New Jersey, and member of Rutgers Board of Trustees.<br /></span></div><div dir="ltr"><span><br /></span></div><div dir="ltr"><span>Bishop House was built for <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Bishop_(congressman)" target="_blank">James Bishop</a> [3c 6x], a prominent businessman and Congressman.<br /></span></div><div dir="ltr"><span><br /></span></div><div dir="ltr"><span>Hegeman Hall is after <a href="https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/42638812/john-rogers-hegeman" target="_blank">John Rogers Hegeman, sr.</a> [6c 4x] who had been </span>the President of the Metropolitan Life Insurance Company from 1891 until his retirement.<span>. </span></div><div dir="ltr"><span> </span></div><div dir="ltr"><span>Wessels Hall, is named after <a href="https://wikimapia.org/9254956/Wessells-Dormitory" target="_blank">Wessel Wessels </a>[5c 5x.] Leupp, however, was not not related, but Pell, was named for John Henry Pell husband of Mary Bogert Wessels [6c 4x] whose father was Wessel Wessels. She donated the funds for
both her father's and husband's namesake buildings. </span></div><div dir="ltr"><span> </span></div><div dir="ltr"><span>Demarest Hall was named after <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Henry_Steele_Demarest" target="_blank">William Henry Steel Demarest</a> [6c 3x] who was the first Rutgers alum to become President
of Rutgers and who a</span>s president, established New Jersey College for Women (now Douglass College) in 1918<span>. </span></div><div dir="ltr"><span> </span></div><div dir="ltr"><span>Freylinghuysen Hall was named for the Freylinghuysen family and I
have four notable cousins among them with intimate connections to the history of Rutgers College.. </span></div><div dir="ltr"><span> </span></div><div dir="ltr"><span>Voorhees Hall was named for <a href="https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/57317407/ralph-garret-voorhees" target="_blank">Ralph Garret Voorhees</a> [6c 5x]. </span></div><div dir="ltr"><span> </span></div><div dir="ltr"><span>Hardenbergh Hall named after <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacob_Rutsen_Hardenbergh" target="_blank">Jacob Rutsen Hardenbergh</a> [4c 7x] who was the first president of Rutgers College.. </span></div><div dir="ltr"><span> </span></div><div dir="ltr"><span>Brett Hall was named in honor of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_Milledoler_Brett" target="_blank">Philip Milledoler Brett</a> (husband of Margaret Abbie Strong [</span><span>7c 2x</span><span>]). </span>Brett was the captain of the football team that played <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princeton_University" title="Princeton University">Princeton University</a> in 1892 in which he was apocryphally credited with saying: "I'd die to win this game." Which gave rise to the song "Nobody Ever Died for Dear Old Rutgers" in the Broadway musical "High Button Shoes."<span> </span></div><div dir="ltr"><span><br /></span></div><div dir="ltr"><span>Van Nest Hall, where I had all my classics courses, was named in honor of <a href="https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/56826636/abraham-r-vannest" target="_blank">Abraham Van Nest [</a>3c 7x].</span></div><div dir="ltr"><span> </span></div><div dir="ltr"><span>Gardner A. Sage Library was named for <a href="http://www.famousamericans.net/gardneraverysage/" target="_blank">Gardner Avery Sage</a> [7c 5x], an active member of the DRC who donated the library building and other properties to the seminary. <br /></span></div><div dir="ltr"><span> <br /></span></div><div dir="ltr"><span>Murray Hall</span><span> is named in honor of the mathematician <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Murray_(educator)">David Murray</a> [7c 4x],who greatly influenced Rutgers' development in mathematics and sciences and who later was an advisor to Meiji era Japan.</span></div><div dir="ltr"><span><br /></span></div><div dir="ltr"><span>Van Nest Hall, where I had several classes has been renovated and repurposed, was named after <a href="https://www.hmdb.org/m.asp?m=10019" target="_blank">Abraham Van Nest</a> [3c 7x] who was the President of Greenwich Savings Bank and who served as a Rutgers trustee for forty years.</span></div><div dir="ltr"><span><br /></span></div><div dir="ltr"><span>The Daniel S. Schanck Observatory was built in 1865, largely funded by New York City businessman <a href="https://www.hmdb.org/m.asp?m=10068" target="_blank">Daniel S, Schanck</a> [husband of my 6c 4x Mary Ann Smock].</span></div><div dir="ltr"><span><br /></span></div><div dir="ltr"><span>Geology Hall was built with funds raised by Rutgers 8th president <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Henry_Campbell_(college_president)" target="_blank">William Henry Campbell </a>[husband of my 6c 5x, Catherine Elsie Schoonmaker] and designed by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Janeway_Hardenbergh" target="_blank">Henry Janeway Hardenberg</a>h [8c 3x].</span></div><div dir="ltr"><span><br /></span></div><div dir="ltr"><span>A BRIEF OUTLINE OF RUTGERS EARLY HISTORY</span></div><div dir="ltr"><span> </span></div><div dir="ltr"><span>Rutgers was founded by charter signed by Governor William Franklin, son of Benjamin Franklin, November 10, 1766. The college was to be called <a href="https://timeline.rutgers.edu/#event-royal-governor-signs-queens-college-charter" target="_blank">Queens College </a>in honor of<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charlotte_of_Mecklenburg-Strelitz" target="_blank"> Charlotte of Mecklenburg</a>, wife of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_III" target="_blank">King George III of England</a> [7c 5x]. </span></div><div dir="ltr"><span> </span></div><div dir="ltr"><span>A second charter was signed by Governor Franklin on March 20, 1770, in order to allow resident status for New York residents as well as New Jersey residents in order to make it easier to raise funds especially with affluent members of the Dutch Reformed Church in New York.</span></div><div dir="ltr"><span> </span></div><div dir="ltr"><span>In May of 1771 the Board of Trustees selected New Brunswick, New Jersey, for the permanent site of the campus. Beginning in November of 1771 classes were first held in what was then the <a href="https://timeline.rutgers.edu/#event-first-classes-held-at-local-tavern" target="_blank">Red Lion Inn</a>. Teaching a handful of students there was by <a href="https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/8170338/frederick-theodore-frelinghuysen" target="_blank">Frederick Theodore Freylinghuysen</a> [3c 7x], the eighteen year old grandson of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodorus_Jacobus_Frelinghuysen" target="_blank">Theodorus Jacobus Freylinghuysen </a>(husband of my 1c 9x, Eva Terhune) and the stepson of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacob_Rutsen_Hardenbergh" target="_blank">Jacob Rutsen Hardenburg</a> [4c 7x].</span></div><div dir="ltr"><span><br /></span></div><div dir="ltr">Queen’s College held its first commencement in October, 1774.
Nineteen-year-old <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matthew_Leydt" target="_blank">Matthew Leydt</a> (QC1774) [4c 6x] was the entire graduating class. </div><div dir="ltr"><span><br /></span></div><div dir="ltr"><span>Distinguished alumni of the 1700's included <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Schureman" target="_blank">James Schureman</a> Queens College (QC '75) {who was the husband of Eleanor Davidse Williamson [3c 7x]} who represented New Jersey in the Continental Congress and later the U.S. House and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simeon_De_Witt" target="_blank">Simeon De Witt</a> </span>(QC1776)<span> [4c 6x], who </span>was served George Washington as Geographer and Surveyor General of the Continental Army during the American Revolution and later served as <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_State_Engineer_and_Surveyor" title="New York State Engineer and Surveyor">Surveyor General of the State of New York</a> for the fifty years from 1784 until his death. </div><div dir="ltr"> </div><div dir="ltr">The first president of Queens College was <a href="https://ucmweb.rutgers.edu/pastpresidents/about/history/past-presidents/jacob-rutsen-hardenbergh.htm" target="_blank">Reverend Jacob Rutsen Hardenbergh.</a> [4c 7x] </div><div dir="ltr"><a href="https://ucmweb.rutgers.edu/pastpresidents/about/history/past-presidents/jacob-rutsen-hardenbergh.htm" target="_blank"> </a></div><div dir="ltr"> The second President was <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Linn_(clergyman)" target="_blank">Reverend William Adolphus Linn</a> husband of Helena Louw [6c 4x] who was selected after the death of President Hardenbergh.</div><div dir="ltr"> </div><div dir="ltr">The <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ira_Condict" target="_blank">Reverend Ira Condict </a>, husband of Sarah Perrine [5c 6x] was selected by the Trustees as president <i>pro
tempore</i>. The college's third president, Condict, was instrumental in raising
funds to support the building of the Queen's College Building, the
school's first dedicated building, April 27, 1809<br /></div><div dir="ltr"> </div><div dir="ltr">Notable alumni of the period 1800-1850 include <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_A._Newell" target="_blank">William Augustus Newell</a> (QC 36), White House Physician, New Jersey Governor [first of six Rutgers alumni to be governor of New Jersey], and father of the U.S. Coast Guard. </div><div dir="ltr"> </div><div dir="ltr">The fourth President of Rutgers was <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Henry_Livingston" target="_blank">Reverend John Henry Livingston </a>, husband of Sarah Levy Livingston, [4c 6x] {yes, her surname was also Livingston, they were second cousins}.</div><div dir="ltr"> </div><div dir="ltr">In 1825 Queens College was renamed Rutgers College in honor of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Rutgers" target="_blank">Colonel Henry Rutgers</a> [4c 7x] . In March of 1825 Colonel Rutgers also donated a bell that still hangs in the cupola of the Old Queens building.</div><div dir="ltr"><br /></div><div dir="ltr">Former U/S. Congressman <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abraham_Bruyn_Hasbrouck" target="_blank">Abraham Bruyn Hasbrouck</a>, husband of Helena Jansen [4c 7x] was named the sixth President of Rutgers and the first layman to serve as President.</div><div dir="ltr"><br /></div><div dir="ltr"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodore_Frelinghuysen" target="_blank">Theodore Freylinghuysen</a> [half 6c 4x], once U.S. Senator, one-time Whig Party Vice-Presidential nominee running with Henry Clay of Kentucky at the top of the ticket, and former President of New York University became the seventh President of Rutgers.</div><div dir="ltr"> </div><div dir="ltr">On April 21, 1847, the cornerstone of the second instructional building, Van Nest Hall was laid. The hall was named for Abraham Van Nest [3c 7x], a New York City merchant, president of Greenwich Bank, and devoted Rutgers trustee.The building was designed by <a href="https://www.hmdb.org/m.asp?m=10019" target="_blank">Nicholas Wyckoff </a>[half 7c 4x].</div><div dir="ltr"> </div><div dir="ltr">New Jersey Governor Foster McGowan Voorhees (RC '77) [half 7c 2x ], was one of the distinguished alumni of the period 1850-1900.</div><div dir="ltr"><br /></div><div dir="ltr">In 1859, blaming declining enrollment, inadequate funding, and student and public
apathy on an unruly faculty, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodore_Frelinghuysen" target="_blank">President Theodore Frelinghuysen </a>[half 6c 4x] fired
every faculty member except George H. Cook, who would go on to have a
major impact on the college.</div><div dir="ltr"> </div><div dir="ltr"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodore_Frelinghuysen" target="_blank">Theodore Frelinghuysen</a> [his first wife was Charlotte Mercer, [half 6c 4x], former U.S. Senator from New Jersey, U.S. vice
presidential candidate in 1844, and former chancellor of New York
University, was inaugurated as the seventh president of Rutgers.
Enrollment grew under his watch, but the gains were short-lived as
students left to fight in the Civil War. </div><div dir="ltr"> </div><div dir="ltr">Theological Hall was built to
house seminary work, marking, for the first time, the physical separation
of the college from the church. <br /></div><div dir="ltr"> </div><div dir="ltr">The eighth President of Rutgers College was <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Henry_Campbell_(college_president)" target="_blank">William Henry Campbell</a>, husband of Catharine Elsie Schoonmaker [5c 5x]. Campbell had been professor of Oriental languages in the Theological Seminary and professor of <i>belles lettres</i> in Rutgers College.</div><div dir="ltr"> </div><div dir="ltr">In May 1886 <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_H._Pruyn" target="_blank">Robert H. Pruyn</a> (RC1833, '36), husband of Jane Ann Lansing [6c 4x] and who had been appointed by President Lincoln, presented his credentials to serve as
the second U.S. ambassador, or envoy, to Japan at a time when that country was just
beginning to open up to the West. </div><div dir="ltr"> </div><div dir="ltr">Alumnus <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_H._Sharpe" target="_blank">George Henry Sharpe </a>(RC1847, '50) [ 6c 5x] was tasked by Union Army Major General
Joseph Hooker to "pull together an organization charged with getting
information about the enemy." First called the Secret Service
Department, his unit was later known as the Bureau of Military
Information. Sharpe's Civil War creation was "an all-source intelligence
organization," the Army's first. Sharpe's wife was Caroline Hasbrouck, a
daughter of Rutgers' sixth president, Abraham Bruyn Hasbrouck.</div><div dir="ltr"> </div><div dir="ltr">In 1864 the Dutch Reformed Church severed its ties with Rutgers when the school became the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land-grant_university" target="_blank">land grant university </a>of the State of New Jersey under the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morrill_Land-Grant_Acts" target="_blank">Morrill Land-Grant Acts </a>.</div><div dir="ltr"><br /></div><div dir="ltr">In 1865 Francis Cuyler Van Dyck (RC1865), husband of Sara Van Nuis [3c 4x], who would later be appointed the
college's first dean, enrolled in the Rutgers Scientific School as a
graduate student in chemistry, the first graduate student at Rutgers.
"At that time there were no formal courses for graduate students, and
provision had not yet been made for 'earned' graduate degrees."</div><div dir="ltr"> </div><div dir="ltr">President Lincoln signed legislation establishing the National Academy of
Sciences to advise the federal government on matters of science.
Rutgers mathematician <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodore_Strong" target="_blank">Theodore Strong </a>[8c 5x] was named a charter member. <i>The National Academy of Sciences: The First Hundred Years 1863–1963</i> describes Strong as "an excellent pure mathematician ... he was at work
on a treatise on differential and integral calculus.</div><div dir="ltr"> </div><div dir="ltr">On December 17, 1867, President Andrew Johnson submitted to the House of
Representatives <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_H._Sharpe" target="_blank">George Henry Sharpe</a>'s (RC1847, '50) [6c 5x] investigative report
on possible European connections to the Lincoln assassination. Sharpe was sent to Europe by Secretary of State William Seward "to ascertain, if
possible, whether any citizens of the United States in that quarter,
other than those who have heretofore been suspected and charged with the
offense, were instigators of, or concerned in, the assassination of the
late President Lincoln."</div><div dir="ltr"> </div><div dir="ltr">Geological Hall, a Gothic brownstone structure which houses the departments
of geology, physics, and military science, was designed by Henry Janeway Hardenbergh [8c 3x], great-great-grandson of Rutgers'
first president, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacob_Rutsen_Hardenbergh" target="_blank">Jacob Rutsen Hardenbergh</a> . Today, on its second floor,
is the Rutgers Geology Museum, nationally recognized for its outstanding
collection of minerals, fossils, Indian relics, and modern shells. A
10,000-year-old mastodon has dominated the museum for over a century. <br /></div><div dir="ltr"> <br /></div><div dir="ltr">Mason Welch Gross [10c] served in World War II in the Army Intelligence Corps, and was assigned to a bomber group based in Italy. Gross earned the Bronze Star, and was later discharged as a Captain. He then became Assistant Professor of Philosophy and Assistant to
the Dean of Arts and Science at Rutgers University in 1946. In 1947 he
was promoted to assistant dean and associate professor, and in 1949 was
appointed to the newly created position of provost to take over the
duties of the ailing Robert Clarkson Clothier who took a leave of absence. Clothier resigned his office in 1951 and Gross continued as provost under the newly appointed Lewis Webster Jones.
He was then given the additional title of vice president in 1958. Jones
resigned the presidency in August 1958, and in February 1959, Gross was
chosen as president. On May 6, 1959, he became the sixteenth president
of Rutgers University.
[From 1949 to 1950 he was a panelist on the television quiz show, <i><a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Think_Fast_(game_show)" title="Think Fast (game show)">Think Fast</a></i>. He was also a judge for the show, <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two_for_the_Money_(game_show)" title="Two for the Money (game show)">Two for the Money</a></i> from 1952 to 1955.] The Rutgers School for the Creative and Performing Arts at Rutgers was renamed as the Mason Gross School of the Arts in 1979 in his honor.</div><div dir="ltr"> </div><div dir="ltr"> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh3sDm0V1hbY7hYHhXJOt3GfD7lKtk2jZrTEI28SDyANFoB4f0mhOr2wy7pBPN7YMONBS9dWe8zd6JA6p5JBI5hZ1Ia33zFVwtH9Z6Sr16qjVabPVX0Jmf7Oiwg6_PAJnGDgNd3cQaHrPmLSt4BqnymQd7p4a69oA0UhE-qGCGsVO8QPvIP_yio5O9gVYM/s1920/Rutgers%20emblemE.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1080" data-original-width="1920" height="225" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh3sDm0V1hbY7hYHhXJOt3GfD7lKtk2jZrTEI28SDyANFoB4f0mhOr2wy7pBPN7YMONBS9dWe8zd6JA6p5JBI5hZ1Ia33zFVwtH9Z6Sr16qjVabPVX0Jmf7Oiwg6_PAJnGDgNd3cQaHrPmLSt4BqnymQd7p4a69oA0UhE-qGCGsVO8QPvIP_yio5O9gVYM/w400-h225/Rutgers%20emblemE.png" width="400" /></a></div><br /></div><div dir="ltr"> </div><div dir="ltr"> </div><div dir="ltr"> </div><div dir="ltr"> </div><div dir="ltr"> </div><div dir="ltr"><br /></div><div dir="ltr"><br /></div><div dir="ltr"><br /></div><div dir="ltr"><br /></div><div dir="ltr"><br /></div><div dir="ltr"><br /></div><div dir="ltr"><br /></div><div dir="ltr"><br /></div><div dir="ltr"><br /></div><div dir="ltr"> </div><div dir="ltr"> </div><div dir="ltr"><span><br /></span></div><div dir="ltr"><span><br /></span></div><div dir="ltr"><span> </span></div><div dir="ltr"><span> </span><br /></div><div><br /><br /></div><br />Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3238599334992481670.post-68098253151057739722023-12-21T14:05:00.000-08:002023-12-21T14:05:05.233-08:00Jim Harbaugh--Head Coach University of Michigan, former Head Coach of the San Francisco 49ers<p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhNuINpCrYDI8w1kpfFMDhVvsiWUWnb0phYwEVgkplsr9fGpZ9AaSLaKVqrrncYVxeL3O6_5phuN2d5PhkFLj1cA5IA8rJW-2idmHPTiNOLjEtERjhI6uyR7Ptk8-BowkZVxJz6ecLN3RgOa2eu1ukaMV6LJKHL4l8rEmlwKjnTm1p88udDEje_gJ2-P5g/s1920/Jim%20Harbaugh.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1080" data-original-width="1920" height="180" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhNuINpCrYDI8w1kpfFMDhVvsiWUWnb0phYwEVgkplsr9fGpZ9AaSLaKVqrrncYVxeL3O6_5phuN2d5PhkFLj1cA5IA8rJW-2idmHPTiNOLjEtERjhI6uyR7Ptk8-BowkZVxJz6ecLN3RgOa2eu1ukaMV6LJKHL4l8rEmlwKjnTm1p88udDEje_gJ2-P5g/s320/Jim%20Harbaugh.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjybLmZP6roGDVmasVhg6Stlk-X5yDidSM3Uyuu7sMvryHJKX7ZWt97tz5K1ACFz8-e7LNM6CHm8b1RtbWPlT9GgpP3XDPiltPRWkluGtJ1B1J6RN-JYgymYH1-MpL53-IUIJi7wfFZJT0-3yDEkMWCQsDyebVN9ceImA7EqXn-vg_DO5LGWok1ghDs7_U/s1200/UMemblem.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1200" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjybLmZP6roGDVmasVhg6Stlk-X5yDidSM3Uyuu7sMvryHJKX7ZWt97tz5K1ACFz8-e7LNM6CHm8b1RtbWPlT9GgpP3XDPiltPRWkluGtJ1B1J6RN-JYgymYH1-MpL53-IUIJi7wfFZJT0-3yDEkMWCQsDyebVN9ceImA7EqXn-vg_DO5LGWok1ghDs7_U/w200-h200/UMemblem.png" width="200" /></a></div><p></p><p><b>James Joseph Harbaugh</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted;"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'h' in 'hi'">h</span><span title="/ɑːr/: 'ar' in 'far'">ɑːr</span><span title="'b' in 'buy'">b</span><span title="/ɔː/: 'au' in 'fraud'">ɔː</span></span>/</a></span></span>; born December 23, 1963) is an <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_football" title="American football">American football</a> coach and former <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quarterback" title="Quarterback">quarterback</a> who is the 20th and current head football coach of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michigan_Wolverines_football" title="Michigan Wolverines football">Michigan Wolverines</a>. He played <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/College_football" title="College football">college football</a> at Michigan from 1983 to 1986. He played in the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Football_League" title="National Football League">National Football League</a> (NFL) for 14 seasons from 1987 to 2000 with his longest tenure as a player with the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicago_Bears" title="Chicago Bears">Chicago Bears</a>. He served as the head coach of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Diego_Toreros_football" title="San Diego Toreros football">San Diego Toreros</a> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2004_San_Diego_Toreros_football_team" title="2004 San Diego Toreros football team">2004</a>–<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006_San_Diego_Toreros_football_team" title="2006 San Diego Toreros football team">2006</a>), the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanford_Cardinal_football" title="Stanford Cardinal football">Stanford Cardinal</a> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007_Stanford_Cardinal_football_team" title="2007 Stanford Cardinal football team">2007</a>–<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010_Stanford_Cardinal_football_team" title="2010 Stanford Cardinal football team">2010</a>), and the NFL's <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Francisco_49ers" title="San Francisco 49ers">San Francisco 49ers</a> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_San_Francisco_49ers_season" title="2011 San Francisco 49ers season">2011</a>–<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_San_Francisco_49ers_season" title="2014 San Francisco 49ers season">2014</a>). In 2015, Harbaugh returned to his alma mater, the University of Michigan.
</p><p>Harbaugh was born in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toledo,_Ohio" title="Toledo, Ohio">Toledo, Ohio</a>. His father, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Harbaugh" title="Jack Harbaugh">Jack Harbaugh</a>, was a football coach, and the family lived in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio">Ohio</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kentucky" title="Kentucky">Kentucky</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iowa" title="Iowa">Iowa</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan">Michigan</a>, and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California" title="California">California</a>. He attended high school in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ann_Arbor,_Michigan" title="Ann Arbor, Michigan">Ann Arbor, Michigan</a>, and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palo_Alto,_California" title="Palo Alto, California">Palo Alto, California</a>,
when his father was an assistant coach at Michigan and Stanford,
respectively. After graduation from high school in Palo Alto in 1982,
Harbaugh returned to Ann Arbor and enrolled at the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Michigan" title="University of Michigan">University of Michigan</a> and played quarterback for the Wolverines, starting for three seasons. As a fifth-year senior in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1986_Michigan_Wolverines_football_team" title="1986 Michigan Wolverines football team">1986</a>, he led Michigan to the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1987_Rose_Bowl" title="1987 Rose Bowl">1987 Rose Bowl</a> and was a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heisman_Trophy" title="Heisman Trophy">Heisman Trophy</a> finalist, finishing third.
</p><p>The <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1987_Chicago_Bears_season" title="1987 Chicago Bears season">Chicago Bears</a> selected Harbaugh in the first round of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1987_NFL_Draft" title="1987 NFL Draft">1987 NFL Draft</a>. He played 14 years as a quarterback in the NFL, with Chicago from 1987 to 1993, the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indianapolis_Colts" title="Indianapolis Colts">Indianapolis Colts</a> from 1994 to 1997, the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1998_Baltimore_Ravens_season" title="1998 Baltimore Ravens season">Baltimore Ravens</a> in 1998, and the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Diego_Chargers" title="San Diego Chargers">San Diego Chargers</a> in 1999 to 2000. He first became a regular starting quarterback in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990_Chicago_Bears_season" title="1990 Chicago Bears season">1990</a> with Chicago. In <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1995_Indianapolis_Colts_season" title="1995 Indianapolis Colts season">1995</a> with Indianapolis, he led the Colts to the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1995_AFC_Championship_Game" title="1995 AFC Championship Game">AFC Championship Game</a>, was selected to the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1996_Pro_Bowl" title="1996 Pro Bowl">Pro Bowl</a> and was honored as NFL Comeback Player of the Year.
</p><p>From 1994 to 2001, while still playing in the NFL, Harbaugh was an unpaid assistant coach at <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_Kentucky_Hilltoppers_football" title="Western Kentucky Hilltoppers football">Western Kentucky University</a>, where his father Jack was head coach. In <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2002_Oakland_Raiders_season" title="2002 Oakland Raiders season">2002</a>, he returned to the NFL as the quarterbacks coach for the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oakland_Raiders" title="Oakland Raiders">Oakland Raiders</a>. Harbaugh returned to the college ranks in 2004 as the head coach at the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Diego_Toreros_football" title="San Diego Toreros football">University of San Diego</a>. After leading San Diego to consecutive <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pioneer_Football_League" title="Pioneer Football League">Pioneer League</a> championships in 2005 and 2006, he moved to Stanford in 2007, where he led the Cardinal to two <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bowl_game" title="Bowl game">bowl berths</a> in four seasons, including a win in the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_Orange_Bowl" title="2011 Orange Bowl">2011 Orange Bowl</a>.
Immediately afterward, Harbaugh signed a five-year deal as head coach
of the NFL's San Francisco 49ers, where he led the team to the NFC
Championship game in each of his first three seasons after the franchise
missed the playoffs for eight consecutive seasons beforehand. He and
his older brother, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baltimore_Ravens" title="Baltimore Ravens">Baltimore Ravens</a> coach <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Harbaugh" title="John Harbaugh">John Harbaugh</a>, became the first pair of brothers to serve as head coaches in NFL history. Their teams played in a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NFL_on_Thanksgiving_Day" title="NFL on Thanksgiving Day">Thanksgiving Classic</a> game in 2011 and in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Super_Bowl_XLVII" title="Super Bowl XLVII">Super Bowl XLVII</a> at the end of the 2012 season.
</p>
<p>Born in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toledo,_Ohio" title="Toledo, Ohio">Toledo, Ohio</a>, on December 23, 1963, Harbaugh is the son of Jacqueline M. "Jackie" (née Cipiti) and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Harbaugh" title="Jack Harbaugh">Jack Harbaugh</a>. His mother is of half-<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sicily" title="Sicily">Sicilian</a> and half-<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polish_people" title="Polish people">Polish</a> ancestry and his father is of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_people" title="Irish people">Irish</a> and <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_people" title="German people">German</a> ancestry. Both Jim and his brother <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Harbaugh" title="John Harbaugh">John</a> were born in Toledo, while his father was an assistant football coach at nearby <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perrysburg_High_School" title="Perrysburg High School">Perrysburg High School</a> in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perrysburg,_Ohio" title="Perrysburg, Ohio">Perrysburg</a>.
</p><p>During Harbaugh's childhood, the family moved frequently, as his father held assistant coaching positions at <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morehead_State_Eagles_football" title="Morehead State Eagles football">Morehead State</a> (1967), <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bowling_Green_Falcons_football" title="Bowling Green Falcons football">Bowling Green</a> (1967–1970), <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iowa_Hawkeyes_football" title="Iowa Hawkeyes football">Iowa</a> (1971–1973), <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michigan_Wolverines_football" title="Michigan Wolverines football">Michigan</a> (1973–1979), <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanford_Cardinal_football" title="Stanford Cardinal football">Stanford</a> (1980–1981), and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_Michigan_Broncos_football" title="Western Michigan Broncos football">Western Michigan</a> (1982–1986). Harbaugh played for the junior league Ann Arbor Packers and then for Tappan Junior High before moving on to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pioneer_High_School_(Ann_Arbor,_Michigan)" title="Pioneer High School (Ann Arbor, Michigan)">Pioneer High School</a>. When his father became <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defensive_coordinator" title="Defensive coordinator">defensive coordinator</a> at Stanford, he transferred to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palo_Alto_High_School" title="Palo Alto High School">Palo Alto High School</a>, graduating in 1982.
</p><p>Harbaugh received a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts" title="Bachelor of Arts">Bachelor of Arts</a> with a major in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communication_studies" title="Communication studies">communications</a> from the University of Michigan in 1986. Wikipedia [for his football career cf., <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jim_Harbaugh#College_playing_career" target="_blank">Wikipedia </a>]<br /></p><p></p>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3238599334992481670.post-85709756440709966592023-12-21T11:44:00.000-08:002023-12-21T11:44:24.917-08:00John Harbaugh--Baltimore Ravens Head Coach<p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgI4MYMbLYsMMPIk65JQZFLgw3OQMjqQ2r7aXanoPMjl2-Cw12kvhXZynbKSHdEQ0TAZCJUNSXTY0jwAYuKyJDaVxb-xj-o5SonV2s4uUOJ09dY2J7yYEV_qk5BJ0mlMBwDma46dvDXFs7_h6lOuqQt-Wo7xZKLh7qqO7TRyc_SHLKQZSthyER0OwAcJbs/s474/John%20Harbaugh.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="315" data-original-width="474" height="213" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgI4MYMbLYsMMPIk65JQZFLgw3OQMjqQ2r7aXanoPMjl2-Cw12kvhXZynbKSHdEQ0TAZCJUNSXTY0jwAYuKyJDaVxb-xj-o5SonV2s4uUOJ09dY2J7yYEV_qk5BJ0mlMBwDma46dvDXFs7_h6lOuqQt-Wo7xZKLh7qqO7TRyc_SHLKQZSthyER0OwAcJbs/w320-h213/John%20Harbaugh.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgSd5FByHONtplLQV8cl-ynUHvpWROFqsBfhmyXdnm0YtwyaZqZ212bM81YPeU7X47C0PZBxlEe7VAVehk6lvXObNk8yFDfW-aaJc7hwogHU2HnCBiJFy8K3UGKQGmwO6ZbZJBt2sX6cHbABCHfLpw9pAwo6AHAmxEIRwG3ssBHj9k1OpnkVPR0_KT0o9Q/s2560/Raven.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="2560" height="125" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgSd5FByHONtplLQV8cl-ynUHvpWROFqsBfhmyXdnm0YtwyaZqZ212bM81YPeU7X47C0PZBxlEe7VAVehk6lvXObNk8yFDfW-aaJc7hwogHU2HnCBiJFy8K3UGKQGmwO6ZbZJBt2sX6cHbABCHfLpw9pAwo6AHAmxEIRwG3ssBHj9k1OpnkVPR0_KT0o9Q/w200-h125/Raven.jpg" width="200" /></a></div> <p></p><p>J<b>ohn William Harbaugh</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted;"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'h' in 'hi'">h</span><span title="/ɑːr/: 'ar' in 'far'">ɑːr</span><span title="'b' in 'buy'">b</span><span title="/ɔː/: 'au' in 'fraud'">ɔː</span></span>/</a></span></span>; born September 23, 1962) is an <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_football" title="American football">American football</a> coach who is the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Head_coach" title="Head coach">head coach</a> for the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baltimore_Ravens" title="Baltimore Ravens">Baltimore Ravens</a> of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Football_League" title="National Football League">National Football League</a> (NFL). Previously, he coached the defensive backs for the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philadelphia_Eagles" title="Philadelphia Eagles">Philadelphia Eagles</a> and served as the Eagles special teams coach for nine years. Harbaugh and his younger brother, former <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Francisco_49ers" title="San Francisco 49ers">San Francisco 49ers</a> and current <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Michigan" title="University of Michigan">University of Michigan</a> head coach <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jim_Harbaugh" title="Jim Harbaugh">Jim Harbaugh</a>, are the first pair of brothers in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Football_League" title="National Football League">NFL</a> history to serve as head coaches. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Harbaugh" title="Jack Harbaugh">Jack Harbaugh</a>, Jim and John's father, served 45 years as a college defensive coach, an assistant coach, and a running backs coach. John and the Ravens beat his brother, Jim, and the 49ers at <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Super_Bowl_XLVII" title="Super Bowl XLVII">Super Bowl XLVII</a> in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Orleans" title="New Orleans">New Orleans</a> on February 3, 2013, by a score of 34–31.
</p><p>Harbaugh has led the Ravens to 164 wins (including playoffs) since his tenure began in 2008, the fourth-most wins in the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Football_League" title="National Football League">NFL</a> over that span, and has surpassed <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian_Billick" title="Brian Billick">Brian Billick</a> for the most wins by a head coach in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baltimore_Ravens" title="Baltimore Ravens">Baltimore Ravens</a>
franchise history. In his fifteen-year tenure as Ravens head coach,
Harbaugh has led the Ravens to eleven winning seasons and only two
losing seasons. His 19 playoff game appearances are the second-most by
any head coach in the NFL since 2008. He is also the only head coach in
NFL history to win a playoff game in six of the first seven seasons of a
coaching career and has the most road playoff wins by a head coach (8).
Outside of winning Super Bowl XLVII, Harbaugh has guided the Ravens to
four <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AFC_North" title="AFC North">AFC North</a> division championships, three <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AFC_Championship" title="AFC Championship">AFC Championship</a> appearances and a franchise-best 14–2 record in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019_Baltimore_Ravens_season" title="2019 Baltimore Ravens season">2019</a>.
</p>
<p>John Harbaugh was born in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toledo,_Ohio" title="Toledo, Ohio">Toledo, Ohio</a>, to Jackie Cipiti and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Harbaugh" title="Jack Harbaugh">Jack Harbaugh</a>. John Harbaugh graduated from <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ann_Arbor_Pioneer_High_School" title="Ann Arbor Pioneer High School">Pioneer High School</a> in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ann_Arbor,_Michigan" title="Ann Arbor, Michigan">Ann Arbor, Michigan</a>, during which time his father Jack was an assistant under <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bo_Schembechler" title="Bo Schembechler">Bo Schembechler</a> at the nearby <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michigan_Wolverines_football" title="Michigan Wolverines football">University of Michigan</a>.
</p><p>Harbaugh attended college and played <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varsity_team" title="Varsity team">varsity football</a> as a defensive back at <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miami_University" title="Miami University">Miami University</a>, where he graduated in 1984.</p><p>Ravens Head Coach: The 2012 <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baltimore_Ravens" title="Baltimore Ravens">Baltimore Ravens</a> finished with a 10–6 record and won the AFC North They defeated the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2012_Indianapolis_Colts_season" title="2012 Indianapolis Colts season">Indianapolis Colts</a> 24–9 in the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2012%E2%80%9313_NFL_playoffs#AFC:_Baltimore_Ravens_24,_Indianapolis_Colts_9" title="2012–13 NFL playoffs">Wild Card Round</a> and the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2012_Denver_Broncos_season" title="2012 Denver Broncos season">Denver Broncos</a> 38–35 in the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mile_High_Miracle" title="Mile High Miracle">Divisional Round</a>. They again met the <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2012_New_England_Patriots" title="2012 New England Patriots">New England Patriots</a>
in the AFC Championship (on January 20, 2013), got their revenge with a
28–13 victory (coming from behind with a 13–7 second half), and was the
first time <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Brady" title="Tom Brady">Tom Brady</a> and Bill Belichick lost a home game after leading at halftime, giving John the opportunity to face brother Jim and the <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2012_San_Francisco_49ers" title="2012 San Francisco 49ers">San Francisco 49ers</a> in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Super_Bowl_XLVII" title="Super Bowl XLVII">Super Bowl XLVII</a> on February 3, 2013.
Many have pegged Super Bowl XLVII as the "Harbowl". The Ravens were
victorious, defeating the 49ers 34–31. Following the victory, John gave
his entire staff replica Lombardi trophies to commemorate the victory. Wikipedia [cf., <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Harbaugh#Coaching_career" target="_blank">Wikipedia for additional career information</a> ] <br /></p>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3238599334992481670.post-22801458643693010782023-12-19T10:13:00.000-08:002023-12-19T10:13:26.029-08:00Norman Rockwell<p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj3mFs6Alv5Yd5mvDn0WznwE75sJLuW7PVm5jsAxaZRgEkOLescwZxWLYOtOrs1_MTdKbWFAB-DiAX9Q8JLQZghQkVQY2pmcwKCrnUPhH1RkV8aw0rt8Qg2d44KO2tZ7hJx10GCTqb76zCqpubdH-VoF8C-y6wpa0qaZhiNy2z-bhSUxuXMBs2ED3fNMlc/s1074/Norman%20Rockwell.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1074" data-original-width="800" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj3mFs6Alv5Yd5mvDn0WznwE75sJLuW7PVm5jsAxaZRgEkOLescwZxWLYOtOrs1_MTdKbWFAB-DiAX9Q8JLQZghQkVQY2pmcwKCrnUPhH1RkV8aw0rt8Qg2d44KO2tZ7hJx10GCTqb76zCqpubdH-VoF8C-y6wpa0qaZhiNy2z-bhSUxuXMBs2ED3fNMlc/w149-h200/Norman%20Rockwell.jpg" width="149" /></a></div><br /><p></p><p><b>Norman Percevel Rockwell</b> (February 3, 1894 – November 8, 1978) was an American <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Painter" title="Painter">painter</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illustrator" title="Illustrator">illustrator</a>. His works have a broad popular appeal in the United States for their reflection of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture_of_the_United_States" title="Culture of the United States">the country's culture</a>. Rockwell is most famous for the cover illustrations of everyday life he created for <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Saturday_Evening_Post" title="The Saturday Evening Post">The Saturday Evening Post</a></i> magazine over nearly five decades. Among the best-known of Rockwell's works are the <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willie_Gillis" title="Willie Gillis">Willie Gillis</a></i> series, <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosie_the_Riveter#Saturday_Evening_Post" title="Rosie the Riveter">Rosie the Riveter</a></i>,
<i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Problem_We_All_Live_With" title="The Problem We All Live With">The Problem We All Live With</a></i>, <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saying_Grace_(Rockwell)" title="Saying Grace (Rockwell)">Saying Grace</a></i>, and the <i><a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four_Freedoms_(Norman_Rockwell)" title="Four Freedoms (Norman Rockwell)">Four Freedoms</a></i> series. He is also noted for his 64-year relationship with the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boy_Scouts_of_America" title="Boy Scouts of America">Boy Scouts of America</a> (BSA), during which he produced covers for their publication Boys' Life (now <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scout_Life" title="Scout Life">Scout Life</a>), calendars, and other illustrations. These works include popular images that reflect the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scout_Promise" title="Scout Promise">Scout Oath</a> and <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scout_Law" title="Scout Law">Scout Law</a></i> such as <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Scoutmaster" title="The Scoutmaster">The Scoutmaster</a></i>, <i>A Scout Is Reverent</i><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-2"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norman_Rockwell#cite_note-2">[2]</a></sup> and <i>A Guiding Hand</i>.
</p><p>Rockwell was a prolific artist, producing more than 4,000
original works in his lifetime. Most of his surviving works are in
public collections. Rockwell was also commissioned to illustrate more
than 40 books, including <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Adventures_of_Tom_Sawyer" title="The Adventures of Tom Sawyer">Tom Sawyer</a></i> and <i><a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Adventures_of_Huckleberry_Finn" title="The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn">Huckleberry Finn</a></i> as well as painting the portraits for Presidents <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Dwight D. Eisenhower">Eisenhower</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">Kennedy</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Johnson</a>, and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Nixon</a>, as well as those of foreign figures, including <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamal_Abdel_Nasser" title="Gamal Abdel Nasser">Gamal Abdel Nasser</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jawaharlal_Nehru" title="Jawaharlal Nehru">Jawaharlal Nehru</a>. His portrait subjects included <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judy_Garland" title="Judy Garland">Judy Garland</a>. One of his last portraits was of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colonel_Sanders" title="Colonel Sanders">Colonel Sanders</a> in 1973. His annual contributions for the Boy Scouts calendars between 1925 and 1976 (Rockwell was a 1939 recipient of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silver_Buffalo_Award" title="Silver Buffalo Award">Silver Buffalo Award</a>, the highest adult award given by the Boy Scouts of America), were only slightly overshadowed by his most popular of calendar works: the "Four Seasons" illustrations for <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brown_%26_Bigelow" title="Brown & Bigelow">Brown & Bigelow</a>
that were published for 17 years beginning in 1947 and reproduced in
various styles and sizes since 1964. He created artwork for
advertisements for Coca-Cola, Jell-O, General Motors, Scott Tissue, and
other companies.
Illustrations for booklets, catalogs, posters (particularly movie
promotions), sheet music, stamps, playing cards, and murals (including
"Yankee Doodle Dandy" and "God Bless the Hills", which was completed in 1936 for the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nassau_Inn" title="Nassau Inn">Nassau Inn</a> in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princeton,_New_Jersey" title="Princeton, New Jersey">Princeton, New Jersey</a>) rounded out Rockwell's oeuvre as an illustrator.
</p><p>Rockwell's work was dismissed by serious art critics in his lifetime. Many of his works appear overly sweet in the opinion of modern critics, especially the <i>Saturday Evening Post</i>
covers, which tend toward idealistic or sentimentalized portrayals of
American life. This has led to the often deprecatory adjective
"Rockwellesque". Consequently, Rockwell is not considered a "serious
painter" by some contemporary artists, who regard his work as <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bourgeoisie" title="Bourgeoisie">bourgeois</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kitsch" title="Kitsch">kitsch</a>. Writer <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Nabokov" title="Vladimir Nabokov">Vladimir Nabokov</a> stated that Rockwell's brilliant technique was put to "banal" use, and wrote in his novel <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pnin" title="Pnin">Pnin</a></i>: "That <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salvador_Dal%C3%AD" title="Salvador Dalí">Dalí</a> is really Norman Rockwell's twin brother kidnaped by gypsies in babyhood."
He is called an "illustrator" instead of an artist by some critics, a
designation he did not mind, as that was what he called himself.
</p><p>In his later years, however, Rockwell began receiving more
attention as a painter when he chose more serious subjects such as the
series on racism for <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Look_(American_magazine)" title="Look (American magazine)"><i>Look</i> magazine</a>. One example of this more serious work is <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Problem_We_All_Live_With" title="The Problem We All Live With">The Problem We All Live With</a></i>, which dealt with the issue of school <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racial_integration" title="Racial integration">racial integration</a>. The painting depicts <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruby_Bridges" title="Ruby Bridges">Ruby Bridges</a>, flanked by white <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Marshals_Service" title="United States Marshals Service">federal marshals</a>, walking to school past a wall defaced by racist graffiti. This 1964 painting was displayed in the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House" title="White House">White House</a> when Bridges met with President <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> in 2011. Wikpedia [<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norman_Rockwell#Early_years" target="_blank">for fuller career details click here]</a></p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-idFK0j1yLrdVAg8abwZ4_aEnmmzGdQWh9vvyxekJuylXcV8D8jADD58t9ZiocCvsPXavLJjldeg8lxGm_sVNmvD3dGAysvOGzSEgx6oq2t3SqUnI6_ppoRfnP1ERc_Xbe2_t3EvuYzEPv8Pd7uiqvCYwn69gDZJNxyPrmd5ZDQbr5V8Mn9V16I5mX_Y/s2115/Relationship_%20Edward%20ROCKSTEIN%20to%20Norman%20Percevel%20Rockwell.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2115" data-original-width="818" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-idFK0j1yLrdVAg8abwZ4_aEnmmzGdQWh9vvyxekJuylXcV8D8jADD58t9ZiocCvsPXavLJjldeg8lxGm_sVNmvD3dGAysvOGzSEgx6oq2t3SqUnI6_ppoRfnP1ERc_Xbe2_t3EvuYzEPv8Pd7uiqvCYwn69gDZJNxyPrmd5ZDQbr5V8Mn9V16I5mX_Y/s16000/Relationship_%20Edward%20ROCKSTEIN%20to%20Norman%20Percevel%20Rockwell.png" /></a></div><br /> <br /><p></p><p> </p><p> </p>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3238599334992481670.post-29936169728918564862023-12-18T15:35:00.000-08:002023-12-18T16:52:18.670-08:00Rockwell Kent--An American Modernist<p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEikUGWljjw2KZ22oT4V2mBE1R6a-yGSEZ3F1FdzvzMJNHIeVjVBJyqCyGaHrJMD9IfQZ1udWEvnhDNbOpsnLqK1rryCMkgJ_RR804K7pFHD7_rLmvT9lQZlUDR1pgQAkopGvLkQwtrTasgi8uAo3idesgBWDLV9rMvHHVxDgoUc567xLxJq2RwfKRx-Nlc/s1094/Rockwell%20Kent.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1094" data-original-width="800" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEikUGWljjw2KZ22oT4V2mBE1R6a-yGSEZ3F1FdzvzMJNHIeVjVBJyqCyGaHrJMD9IfQZ1udWEvnhDNbOpsnLqK1rryCMkgJ_RR804K7pFHD7_rLmvT9lQZlUDR1pgQAkopGvLkQwtrTasgi8uAo3idesgBWDLV9rMvHHVxDgoUc567xLxJq2RwfKRx-Nlc/w146-h200/Rockwell%20Kent.jpg" width="146" /></a></div><br /><br /><p></p><p>Rockwell Kent was born in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarrytown,_New_York" title="Tarrytown, New York">Tarrytown, New York</a>. Kent was of <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_American" title="English American">English descent</a>. He lived much of his early life in and around New York City, where he attended the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horace_Mann_School" title="Horace Mann School">Horace Mann School</a>. Kent studied with several influential painters and theorists of his day. He studied composition and design with <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Wesley_Dow" title="Arthur Wesley Dow">Arthur Wesley Dow</a> at the Art Students League in the fall of 1900, and he studied painting with <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Merritt_Chase" title="William Merritt Chase">William Merritt Chase</a> each of the three summers between 1900 and 1902 at the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shinnecock_Hills_Summer_School_of_Art" title="Shinnecock Hills Summer School of Art">Shinnecock Hills Summer School of Art</a>, after which he entered in the fall of 1902 <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Henri" title="Robert Henri">Robert Henri</a>'s class at the <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_School_of_Art" title="New York School of Art">New York School of Art</a>, which Chase had founded. During the summer of 1903, in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dublin,_New_Hampshire" title="Dublin, New Hampshire">Dublin, New Hampshire</a>, Kent was apprenticed to painter and naturalist <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbott_Handerson_Thayer" title="Abbott Handerson Thayer">Abbott Handerson Thayer</a>. An undergraduate background in architecture at <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbia_University" title="Columbia University">Columbia University</a> prepared Kent for occasional work in the 1900s and 1910s as an architectural renderer and carpenter. At Columbia, Kent befriended future curator <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Zigrosser" title="Carl Zigrosser">Carl Zigrosser</a>, who became his close friend, supporter, and collaborator.
</p><p>Kent's early paintings of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Monadnock" title="Mount Monadnock">Mount Monadnock</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Hampshire" title="New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a> were first shown at the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Society_of_American_Artists" title="Society of American Artists">Society of American Artists</a> in New York in 1904, when <i>Dublin Pond</i> was purchased by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smith_College" title="Smith College">Smith College</a>. In 1905 Kent ventured to <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monhegan_Island" title="Monhegan Island">Monhegan Island</a>,
Maine, and found its rugged and primordial beauty a source of
inspiration for the next five years. His first series of paintings of
Monhegan were shown to wide critical acclaim in 1907 at Clausen
Galleries in New York. These works form the foundation of his lasting
reputation as an early American <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modernist" title="Modernist">modernist</a>, and can be seen in museums across the country, including the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art" title="Metropolitan Museum of Art">Metropolitan Museum of Art</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seattle_Art_Museum" title="Seattle Art Museum">Seattle Art Museum</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Britain_Museum_of_American_Art" title="New Britain Museum of American Art">New Britain Museum of American Art</a>, and the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fine_Arts_Museums_of_San_Francisco" title="Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco">Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco</a>. Among those critics lauding Kent was James Huneker of the <i>Sun</i>, who praised Kent's athletic brushwork and daring color dissonances. (It was Huneker who deemed the paintings of <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Eight_(Ashcan_School)" title="The Eight (Ashcan School)">The Eight</a> as "decidedly reactionary".)
In 1910, Kent helped organize the Exhibition of Independent Artists,
and in 1911, together with Arthur B. Davies he organized An Independent
Exhibition of the Paintings and Drawings of Twelve Men, referred to as
"The Twelve" and "Kent's Tent". Painters <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marsden_Hartley" title="Marsden Hartley">Marsden Hartley</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Marin" title="John Marin">John Marin</a>, and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Weber_(artist)" title="Max Weber (artist)">Max Weber</a>
(but not John Sloan, Robert Henri, or George Bellows) participated in
the 1911 exhibition. Kent was away in Winona, Minnesota, on an
architectural assignment when the historic Armory Show took place in
Manhattan in 1913.
</p><p>A <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcendentalist" title="Transcendentalist">transcendentalist</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mysticism" title="Mysticism">mystic</a> in the tradition of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_David_Thoreau" title="Henry David Thoreau">Thoreau</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ralph_Waldo_Emerson" title="Ralph Waldo Emerson">Emerson</a>,
whose works he read, Kent found inspiration in the austerity and stark
beauty of wilderness. After Monhegan, he lived for extended periods of
time in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winona,_Minnesota" title="Winona, Minnesota">Winona, Minnesota</a> (1912–1913), Newfoundland (1914–15), Alaska (1918–19), Vermont (1919–1925), <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tierra_del_Fuego" title="Tierra del Fuego">Tierra del Fuego</a>
(1922–23), Ireland (1926), and Greenland (1929; 1931–32; 1934–35). His
series of land and seascapes from these often forbidding locales convey
the Symbolist spirit evoking the mysteries and cosmic wonders of the
natural world. "I don't want petty self-expression", Kent wrote, "I want
the elemental, infinite thing; I want to paint the rhythm of eternity."
</p>
<figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left"><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
<p>In the late summer of 1918, Kent and his nine-year-old son ventured to the American frontier of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska">Alaska</a>. <i>Wilderness</i> (1920), the first of Kent's several adventure memoirs, is an edited and illustrated compilation of his letters home. The <i>New Statesman</i> (London) described <i>Wilderness</i> as "easily the most remarkable book to come out of America since <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leaves_of_Grass" title="Leaves of Grass">Leaves of Grass</a></i> was published." Upon the artist's return to New York in March 1919, publishing scion <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Palmer_Putnam" title="George Palmer Putnam">George Palmer Putnam</a>
and others, including Juliana Force—assistant to Gertrude Vanderbilt
Whitney—incorporated the artist as "Rockwell Kent, Inc." to support him
in his new Vermont homestead while he completed his paintings from
Alaska for exhibition in 1920 at Knoedler Galleries in New York. Kent's
small oil-on-wood-panel sketches from Alaska—uniformly horizontal
studies of light and color—were exhibited at Knoedler's as
"Impressions." Their artistic lineage to the small and spare oil
sketches of <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Abbott_McNeill_Whistler" title="James Abbott McNeill Whistler">James Abbott McNeill Whistler</a> (1834–1903), which are often entitled "Arrangements," underscores Kent's admiration of Whistler's genius.
</p><p>Approached in 1926 by publisher <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R.R._Donnelley_%26_Sons_Company" title="R.R. Donnelley & Sons Company">R. R. Donnelley</a> to produce an illustrated edition of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Henry_Dana_Jr." title="Richard Henry Dana Jr.">Richard Henry Dana Jr.</a>'s <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two_Years_Before_the_Mast" title="Two Years Before the Mast">Two Years Before the Mast</a></i>, Kent suggested <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moby-Dick" title="Moby-Dick">Moby-Dick</a></i> instead. Published in 1930 by the Lakeside Press of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a>,
the three-volume limited edition (1,000 copies) filled with Kent's
haunting black-and-white pen/brush and ink drawings sold out
immediately; Random House also produced a trade edition.
</p><p>Less well known are Kent's talents as a <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jazz_age" title="Jazz age">jazz age</a>
humorist. As the pen-and-ink draftsman "Hogarth Jr.," Kent created
dozens of whimsical and smartly irreverent drawings published by <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanity_Fair_(magazine)" title="Vanity Fair (magazine)">Vanity Fair</a></i>, <i><a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Tribune" title="New York Tribune">New York Tribune</a></i>, <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harper%27s_Weekly" title="Harper's Weekly">Harper's Weekly</a></i>, and the original <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Life_(magazine)" title="Life (magazine)">Life</a></i>.
He also brought his Hogarth Jr., style to a series of richly colored
reverse paintings on glass that he completed in 1918 and exhibited at <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wanamaker%27s" title="Wanamaker's">Wanamaker's Department Store</a>. (Two of these glass paintings are in the collection of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbus_Museum_of_Art" title="Columbus Museum of Art">Columbus Museum of Art</a>, part of the bequest of modernist collector <a class="new" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ferdinand_Howald&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Ferdinand Howald (page does not exist)">Ferdinand Howald</a>.) In <i>Rockwell Kent: The Mythic and the Modern</i>,
Jake Milgram Wien devotes an entire chapter to Hogarth Jr. and
reproduces several of the ink drawings and reverse paintings on glass.
Kent frequently crossed into the realm of illustration in the 1920s and
contributed drawings for reproduction on the covers of many leading
magazines. For example, Kent's pen, brush, and ink drawings were
reproduced on the covers of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulp_magazine" title="Pulp magazine">pulp magazine</a> <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adventure_(magazine)" title="Adventure (magazine)">Adventure</a></i> in 1927, leading <i>Time</i> magazine to say that "if it were distinguished for nothing else, <i>Adventure</i> would stand apart from rival 'pulps'<span class="nowrap"> </span>... because it was once entirely illustrated by Rockwell Kent<span class="nowrap"> </span>..." Decorative work ensued intermittently: in 1939, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vernon_Kilns" title="Vernon Kilns">Vernon Kilns</a>
reproduced three series of designs drawn by Kent (Moby Dick, Salamina,
Our America) on its sets of contemporary china dinnerware.
</p><p>At the Art Students League in the 1920s or 1930s, Kent met and befriended many artists, including <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelmina_Weber_Furlong" title="Wilhelmina Weber Furlong">Wilhelmina Weber Furlong</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Furlong_(artist)" title="Thomas Furlong (artist)">Thomas Furlong</a>.
</p><p>Raymond Moore, founder and impresario of the Cape Playhouse and Cinema in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dennis,_Massachusetts" title="Dennis, Massachusetts">Dennis, Massachusetts</a>,
contracted with Rockwell Kent for the design of murals for the
cinema—including an extraordinarily expansive mural for the ceiling. The
work of transferring and painting the designs on the 6,400-square-foot
(590 m<sup>2</sup>) span was done by Kent's collaborator Jo Mielziner
(1901–1976) and a crew of stage set painters from New York City.
Ostensibly staying away from the state of Massachusetts to protest the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sacco_and_Vanzetti" title="Sacco and Vanzetti">Sacco and Vanzetti</a>
executions of 1927, Kent did in fact venture to Dennis in June 1930 to
spend three days on the scaffolding, making suggestions and corrections.
The signatures of both Kent and Mielziner appear on opposite walls of
the cinema.
</p><p>In 1927, Kent moved to upstate New York where he had acquired an
Adirondack farmstead. Asgaard, as he named it, was his residence for the
remainder of his life, and from his studio there he worked tirelessly
on countless painting and drawing assignments. In the summer of 1929,
Kent sailed on a painting expedition to Greenland, and his adventures
(and misadventures) are recounted in the best-selling <i>N by E</i> (1930). After meeting Danish Arctic explorers <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Freuchen" title="Peter Freuchen">Peter Freuchen</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knud_Rasmussen" title="Knud Rasmussen">Knud Rasmussen</a>
on this trip, Kent determined to return to Greenland to paint and
write. He spent two years (1931–32 and 1934–35) above the Arctic Circle
in a tiny fishing settlement called Igdlorssuit (or Illorsuit), where he
conceived some of the largest and most celebrated paintings of his
career. His cross-cultural encounters in Greenland included Leni
Riefenstahl, the famed German filmmaker/actor, who was briefly in
Illorsuit with the film crew of <i>S.O.S. Iceberg</i>. Kent's own movie-making aspirations, including a quasi-documentary film featuring the Inuit, are explored in <i>Rockwell Kent and Hollywood</i>. Many of Kent's historic
photographs and hand-tinted lantern slides are reproduced for the first
time in <i>North by Nuuk: Greenland after Rockwell Kent</i> (Denis Defibaugh, 2019).</p><p>As <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>
approached, Kent shifted his artistic agenda, becoming increasingly
active in progressive politics. In 1937, the Section of Painting and
Sculpture of the U.S. Treasury commissioned Kent, along with nine other
artists, to paint two murals in the New Post Office building at the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Triangle" title="Federal Triangle">Federal Triangle</a>
in Washington, DC; the two murals are named "Mail Service in the
Arctic" and "Mail Service in the Tropics" to celebrate the reach of
domestic airborne postal service. Kent included (in an <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alaska_Native" title="Alaska Native">Alaska Native</a>
language and in tiny letters) a polemical statement in the painting,
apparently a message from the indigenous people of Alaska to the Puerto
Ricans, in support of decolonization. As translated, the communication
read "To the peoples of Puerto Rico, our friends: Go ahead, let us
change chiefs. That alone can make us equal and free". The incident caused some consternation.
</p><p>Kent's patriotism never waned in spite of his often critical
views of American foreign policy and his impatience with the promises of
capitalism. He remained America's premier draftsman of the sea, and
during World War II he produced a series of pen/brush and ink maritime
drawings for <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Export_Lines" title="American Export Lines">American Export Lines</a>
and began another series of pen/brush and ink drawings for Rahr Malting
Company which he completed in 1946. The drawings were reproduced in <i>To Thee!</i>,
a book Kent also wrote and designed celebrating American freedom and
democracy and the important role immigrants play in constructing
American national identity. In 1948, Kent was elected to the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Academy_of_Design" title="National Academy of Design">National Academy of Design</a> as an Associate member, and in 1966 he became a full Academician. Kent passed away at his home in the Adirondacks in 1971. </p><p>Although he came from a relatively privileged background, Kent formed radical political views early in life, joining the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_America" title="Socialist Party of America">Socialist Party of America</a> in 1904. He cast his first presidential vote for <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugene_V._Debs" title="Eugene V. Debs">Eugene Debs</a> that year, and for the rest of his life was ready to debate socialist ideas on any occasion.
His respect for the dignity of labor, acquired through personal
experience and the skills of his craft, also made him a strong supporter
of unions. He briefly joined the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial_Workers_of_the_World" title="Industrial Workers of the World">Industrial Workers of the World</a> in 1912 and belonged at various times to unions in the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Federation_of_Labor" title="American Federation of Labor">American Federation of Labor</a> and the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congress_of_Industrial_Organizations" title="Congress of Industrial Organizations">Congress of Industrial Organizations</a>.
</p><p>Kent's political activism came to the fore in the latter part of
the 1930s, when he took part in several initiatives of the cultural
popular front, including support for the Spanish Republic and the
subsequent war against fascism. Most notably, he participated in the
American Artists' Congress at the time of its formation in 1936
and later served as an officer of the Artists' Union of America and
then the Artists' League of America in their efforts to represent
artists to boards, museums and dealers. In 1948 he stood for Congress as an <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Labor_Party_(1932)" title="American Labor Party (1932)">American Labor Party</a> candidate supporting <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_A._Wallace" title="Henry A. Wallace">Henry Wallace</a>'s Progressive Party presidential campaign as the best option for extending the legacy of the New Deal.
</p><p>In the changing postwar context, Kent advocated nuclear
disarmament and continued friendship with America's wartime ally, the
Soviet Union. This placed him on the wrong side of American Cold War
policies. The Soviet Union extensively promoted Kent's work, who was among hundreds of other prominent intellectuals and creative artists targeted by those in league with <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_McCarthy" title="Joseph McCarthy">Joseph McCarthy</a>, but he and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Gropper" title="William Gropper">William Gropper</a> share the distinction of being the only graphic artists to be targeted.
</p><p>Kent was not a Communist and considered his political views to be
in the best traditions of American democracy. However, his
participation in the Stockholm Appeal and the World Peace Council led to
the suspension of his passport in 1950. After he filed suit to regain his foreign-travel rights, in June 1958, the U.S. Supreme Court in <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kent_v._Dulles" title="Kent v. Dulles">Kent v. Dulles</a></i> affirmed his right to travel by declaring the ban a violation of his civil rights. Meanwhile, Kent also came under attack as an officer of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Workers_Order" title="International Workers Order">International Workers Order</a>,
a mutual benefit and cultural society supported by leftists and
immigrants. In 1951, Kent defended his record in court proceedings and
exposed the perjured testimony that claimed he was a Communist. <br /></p><p>From 1957 to 1971, Kent was president of the National Council of American-Soviet Friendship.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-25"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rockwell_Kent#cite_note-25">[25]</a></sup> After a well-received exhibition of his work in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a> at the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pushkin_Museum" title="Pushkin Museum">Pushkin Museum</a>
in 1957–58, he donated several hundred of his paintings and drawings to
the Soviet peoples in 1960. He subsequently became an honorary member
of the Soviet Academy of Fine Arts and in 1967 the recipient of the <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Lenin_Peace_Prize" title="International Lenin Peace Prize">International Lenin Peace Prize</a>. Kent specified that his prize money be given to the women and children of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a>, both <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Vietnam" title="North Vietnam">North</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Vietnam" title="South Vietnam">South</a>. (The nature of Kent's gift is clarified by his wife Sally in the 2005 documentary <i>Rockwell Kent</i>, produced and written by Fred Lewis.) </p><p>When Kent died of a heart attack in 1971, the <i>New York Times</i>
published an extensive front-page obituary that commenced: "At various
(and frequently simultaneous) periods of his long life the protean
Rockwell Kent was an architect, painter, illustrator, lithographer,
xylographer, cartoonist, advertising artist, carpenter, dairy farmer,
explorer, trade union leader and political controversialist. "He is so
multiple a person as to be multifarious," Louis Untermeyer, the poet,
once observed." When an anthology of Kent's work was published in 1982, a reviewer of the book for the <i>New York Times</i>
further described Kent as "... a thoughtful, troublesome, profoundly
independent, odd and kind man who made an imperishable contribution to
the art of bookmaking in the United States." Retrospectives of the artist's paintings and drawings have been mounted, by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Rooms" title="The Rooms">the Art Gallery of Newfoundland and Labrador</a> in <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._John%27s,_Newfoundland" title="St. John's, Newfoundland">St. John's, Newfoundland</a>, where the exhibition <i>Pointed North: Rockwell Kent in Newfoundland and Labrador</i> was curated by Caroline Stone in the summer of 2014. Other exhibitions include an exhibition in 2013 in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winona,_Minnesota" title="Winona, Minnesota">Winona, Minnesota</a> marking the centennial of Kent's time there; the Richard F. Brush Art Gallery and Owen D. Young Library at <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Lawrence_University" title="St. Lawrence University">St. Lawrence University</a> (Canton, New York) in the autumn of 2012; the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farnsworth_Art_Museum" title="Farnsworth Art Museum">Farnsworth Art Museum</a> (Rockland, Maine) during the spring through autumn of 2012; the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bennington_Museum" title="Bennington Museum">Bennington Museum</a> in Vermont during the summer of 2012; the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philadelphia_Museum_of_Art" title="Philadelphia Museum of Art">Philadelphia Museum of Art</a> in the spring through summer of 2012; and the <a class="new" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portland_Museum_of_Art,_Maine&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Portland Museum of Art, Maine (page does not exist)">Portland Museum of Art, Maine</a> for the major summer show of 2005 commemorating the centenary of Kent's arrival on Monhegan Island.
</p><p>2018 through 2020 marked the 100th anniversary of Kent's Alaskan
painting expedition, his stay on Fox Island, and the publication of <i>Wilderness: A Journal of Quiet Adventure in Alaska</i>.
The letters he wrote and received during that time reveal a less than
quiet experience beneath his book's narrative. Personal correspondence
with his wife, Kathleen, and with Hildegarde Hirsch, his inamorata of
that time, provide a fascinating glimpse into the backstory of his life.
A more detailed account can be found at the blog <i>Rockwell Kent "Wilderness" Centennial Journal</i>.
</p><p>One of Kent's exemplary pen-and-ink drawings from <i>Moby Dick</i>
appears on a U.S. postage stamp issued as part of the 2001
commemorative panel celebrating American Illustration, with other
artistic examples by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxfield_Parrish" title="Maxfield Parrish">Maxfield Parrish</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederic_Remington" title="Frederic Remington">Frederic Remington</a>, and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norman_Rockwell" title="Norman Rockwell">Norman Rockwell</a>. The year he spent in Newfoundland in 1914-1915 is fictionally recalled by Canadian writer <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Winter_(writer)" title="Michael Winter (writer)">Michael Winter</a> in <i>The Big Why</i>, his 2004 Winterset Award-winning novel. Kent's work also figures in Steve Martin's 2010 novel <i>An Object of Beauty</i> and is the subject of a chapter in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_Brinkley" title="Douglas Brinkley">Douglas Brinkley</a>'s 2011 history <i>The Quiet World: Saving Alaska's Wilderness Kingdom: 1879–1960</i>.
</p><p>Columbia University is the repository of Rockwell Kent's personal
collection of 3,300 working drawings and sketches, most of which were
unpublished. The gift was made in 1972 by Mr. and Mrs. Alfred C. Berol,
Corliss Lamont, Mrs. Arthur Hayes Sulzberger, and Dan Burne Jones.
</p><p>The <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archives_of_American_Art" title="Archives of American Art">Archives of American Art</a> is the repository for Kent's voluminous correspondence. Wikipedia</p><p> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj5hAopQpIJxrN9hayeUfmzYEIgFrUQ9Q0n5OsZKnMBfCY2NlnJHsOJ8KVbegH27ZbbKm-9NQfO7BLmlebqllOiUXXJbJZjnvm8-seYkugknAvJix7HbCs9DxhbJNHkJo7Oc-emcvvRUX3Qz9qnFn3GhE5ZdhZuiJkUACnLsuMGRSihmMUb1f_hzePs5fM/s2115/Relationship_%20Edward%20ROCKSTEIN%20to%20Rockwell%20Kent.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2115" data-original-width="818" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj5hAopQpIJxrN9hayeUfmzYEIgFrUQ9Q0n5OsZKnMBfCY2NlnJHsOJ8KVbegH27ZbbKm-9NQfO7BLmlebqllOiUXXJbJZjnvm8-seYkugknAvJix7HbCs9DxhbJNHkJo7Oc-emcvvRUX3Qz9qnFn3GhE5ZdhZuiJkUACnLsuMGRSihmMUb1f_hzePs5fM/s16000/Relationship_%20Edward%20ROCKSTEIN%20to%20Rockwell%20Kent.png" /></a></div><br /><p><br /></p><p> </p>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3238599334992481670.post-7672991789629561012023-12-06T21:24:00.000-08:002023-12-06T21:24:48.423-08:00Taylor Swift--Singer, Songwriter, Business Mangate<p> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjmVayYSpQvJXMDkZdBBe4CeW_y6KmY6q78NRClAKS6T82wgGtuphY6Q8LbH_IO4U1nAE5i75TMknrxBgkMMvGfQd0YDX6XOthIVtcQcH9hb4P8Z_09Jz8gjb1nQSrf5_BU02hiFrpUvz4Wd5ubaIYk5qDOwmRuw_Ag7DAqKohlC-RRncroP7cdhrT86zc/s256/Taylor%20Swift.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="256" data-original-width="193" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjmVayYSpQvJXMDkZdBBe4CeW_y6KmY6q78NRClAKS6T82wgGtuphY6Q8LbH_IO4U1nAE5i75TMknrxBgkMMvGfQd0YDX6XOthIVtcQcH9hb4P8Z_09Jz8gjb1nQSrf5_BU02hiFrpUvz4Wd5ubaIYk5qDOwmRuw_Ag7DAqKohlC-RRncroP7cdhrT86zc/w242-h320/Taylor%20Swift.png" width="242" /></a></div><b> </b><p></p><p><b>Taylor Alison Swift</b> (born December 13, 1989) is an American
singer-songwriter. Recognized for her songwriting, musical versatility,
artistic reinventions, and influence on the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_industry" title="Music industry">music industry</a>, she is a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultural_impact_of_Taylor_Swift" title="Cultural impact of Taylor Swift">prominent cultural figure</a> of the 21st century.
</p><p>Swift began professional songwriting at age 14 and signed with <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Machine_Records" title="Big Machine Records">Big Machine Records</a> in 2005 to become a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Country_music" title="Country music">country</a> singer. She released six studio albums under the label, four of them to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Country_radio" title="Country radio">country radio</a>, starting with her 2006 <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taylor_Swift_(album)" title="Taylor Swift (album)">self-titled album</a>. Her next, <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fearless_(Taylor_Swift_album)" title="Fearless (Taylor Swift album)">Fearless</a></i> (2008), explored <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Country_pop" title="Country pop">country pop</a>, and its singles "<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Love_Story_(Taylor_Swift_song)" title="Love Story (Taylor Swift song)">Love Story</a>" and "<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/You_Belong_with_Me" title="You Belong with Me">You Belong with Me</a>" catapulted her to mainstream fame. <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speak_Now" title="Speak Now">Speak Now</a></i> (2010) infused <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_music" title="Rock music">rock</a> influences, while <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_(Taylor_Swift_album)" title="Red (Taylor Swift album)">Red</a></i> (2012) experimented with <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_music" title="Electronic music">electronic</a> elements and featured Swift's first <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billboard_Hot_100" title="Billboard Hot 100"><i>Billboard</i> Hot 100</a> number-one song, "<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/We_Are_Never_Ever_Getting_Back_Together" title="We Are Never Ever Getting Back Together">We Are Never Ever Getting Back Together</a>". She departed from her country image with <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1989_(album)" title="1989 (album)">1989</a></i> (2014), a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synth-pop" title="Synth-pop">synth-pop</a> album supported by the chart-topping songs "<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shake_It_Off" title="Shake It Off">Shake It Off</a>", "<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blank_Space" title="Blank Space">Blank Space</a>", and "<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bad_Blood_(Taylor_Swift_song)" title="Bad Blood (Taylor Swift song)">Bad Blood</a>". <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_image_of_Taylor_Swift" title="Public image of Taylor Swift">Media scrutiny</a> inspired the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hip_hop_music" title="Hip hop music">hip-hop</a>-flavored <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reputation_(album)" title="Reputation (album)">Reputation</a></i> (2017) and its number-one single "<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Look_What_You_Made_Me_Do" title="Look What You Made Me Do">Look What You Made Me Do</a>".
</p><p>Swift signed with <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_Records" title="Republic Records">Republic Records</a> in 2018. She released the pop album <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lover_(album)" title="Lover (album)">Lover</a></i> (2019) and autobiographical documentary <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miss_Americana" title="Miss Americana">Miss Americana</a></i> (2020), embraced <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indie_folk" title="Indie folk">indie folk</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_rock" title="Alternative rock">alternative rock</a> on 2020 albums <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folklore_(Taylor_Swift_album)" title="Folklore (Taylor Swift album)">Folklore</a></i> and <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evermore_(Taylor_Swift_album)" title="">Evermore</a>,</i> explored <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chill-out_music" title="Chill-out music">chill-out</a> styles on <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midnights" title="Midnights">Midnights</a></i> (2022), and released four <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Re-recording_(music)" title="Re-recording (music)">re-recorded</a> albums subtitled <i>Taylor's Version</i> after a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taylor_Swift_masters_dispute" title="Taylor Swift masters dispute">dispute with Big Machine</a>. The albums spawned the number-one songs "<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cruel_Summer_(Taylor_Swift_song)" title="Cruel Summer (Taylor Swift song)">Cruel Summer</a>", "<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardigan_(song)" title="Cardigan (song)">Cardigan</a>", "<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willow_(song)" title="Willow (song)">Willow</a>", "<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-Hero_(song)" title="Anti-Hero (song)">Anti-Hero</a>", "<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Too_Well" title="All Too Well">All Too Well</a>" and "<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Is_It_Over_Now%3F" title="Is It Over Now?">Is It Over Now?</a>". In 2023, Swift embarked on <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Eras_Tour" title="The Eras Tour">the Eras Tour</a> and released its <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taylor_Swift:_The_Eras_Tour" title="Taylor Swift: The Eras Tour">top-grossing concert film</a>. She has also directed music videos and films such as <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Too_Well:_The_Short_Film" title="All Too Well: The Short Film">All Too Well: The Short Film</a></i> (2021).
</p><p>With over 200 million records sold globally, Swift is one of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_best-selling_music_artists" title="List of best-selling music artists">best-selling musicians</a>. She is <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_most-streamed_artists_on_Spotify" title="List of most-streamed artists on Spotify">the most-streamed woman on Spotify</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_Music" title="Apple Music">Apple Music</a>, the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_highest-grossing_live_music_artists" title="List of highest-grossing live music artists">highest-grossing female performer</a> ever, and the first billionaire with music as the main source of income. She has been featured in lists such as <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rolling_Stone%27s_100_Greatest_Songwriters_of_All_Time" title="Rolling Stone's 100 Greatest Songwriters of All Time"><i>Rolling Stone</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left: 0.1em;">'s</span> 100 Greatest Songwriters of All Time</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billboard_(magazine)" title="Billboard (magazine)"><i>Billboard</i></a><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left: 0.1em;">'s</span> Greatest of All Time Artists. Among <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_Taylor_Swift" title="List of awards and nominations received by Taylor Swift">her accolades</a> are 12 <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammy_Awards" title="Grammy Awards">Grammy Awards</a> (including three <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Album_of_the_Year" title="Grammy Award for Album of the Year">Album of the Year</a> wins), a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primetime_Emmy_Awards" title="Primetime Emmy Awards">Primetime Emmy Award</a>, 40 <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Music_Awards" title="American Music Awards">American Music Awards</a> (including <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Music_Awards#Artist_of_the_Decade" title="American Music Awards">Artist of the Decade – 2010s</a>), 39 <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billboard_Music_Awards" title="Billboard Music Awards"><i>Billboard</i> Music Awards</a>, 23 <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MTV_Video_Music_Awards" title="MTV Video Music Awards">MTV Video Music Awards</a>, three <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_Recording_Artist_of_the_Year" title="Global Recording Artist of the Year">IFPI Global Recording Artist of the Year</a> awards, and 111 <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinness_World_Records" title="Guinness World Records">Guinness World Records</a></i>. Swift is also a philanthropist and an advocate of artists' rights and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women%27s_empowerment" title="Women's empowerment">women's empowerment</a>. </p><p>Taylor Alison Swift was born on December 13, 1989, in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Reading,_Pennsylvania" title="West Reading, Pennsylvania">West Reading, Pennsylvania</a>. She is named after singer-songwriter <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Taylor" title="James Taylor">James Taylor</a>. Her father, Scott Kingsley Swift, is a former stockbroker for <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merrill_Lynch" title="Merrill Lynch">Merrill Lynch</a> and her mother, Andrea Gardner Swift (née Finlay), is a former homemaker who previously worked as a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutual_fund" title="Mutual fund">mutual fund</a> marketing executive. Taylor has a younger brother, actor <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austin_Swift" title="Austin Swift">Austin Swift</a>, and is of Scottish, German, and Italian descent. Their maternal grandmother, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marjorie_Finlay" title="Marjorie Finlay">Marjorie Finlay</a>, was an opera singer.
</p><p>Swift spent her early years on a <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christmas_tree_farm" title="Christmas tree farm">Christmas tree farm</a> that her father had purchased from one of his clients. She is a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christians" title="Christians">Christian</a>. She attended preschool and kindergarten at Alvernia Montessori School, a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montessori_education" title="Montessori education">Montessori school</a> run by the Bernadine <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franciscans" title="Franciscans">Franciscan</a> sisters, before transferring to the Wyndcroft School. The family moved to a rented house in the suburban town of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wyomissing,_Pennsylvania" title="Wyomissing, Pennsylvania">Wyomissing, Pennsylvania</a>, where Swift attended <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wyomissing_Area_Junior/Senior_High_School" title="Wyomissing Area Junior/Senior High School">Wyomissing Area Junior/Senior High School</a>. She spent summers in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stone_Harbor,_New_Jersey" title="Stone Harbor, New Jersey">Stone Harbor, New Jersey</a>, until she was 14 years old, performing in a local coffee shop.
</p><p>At age nine, Swift became interested in musical theater and performed in four Berks Youth Theatre Academy productions. She also traveled regularly to New York City for vocal and acting lessons. Swift later shifted her focus toward country music, inspired by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shania_Twain" title="Shania Twain">Shania Twain</a>'s songs, which made her "want to just run around the block four times and daydream about everything". She spent weekends performing at local festivals and events. After watching a documentary about <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faith_Hill" title="Faith Hill">Faith Hill</a>, Swift felt she needed to move to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nashville,_Tennessee" title="Nashville, Tennessee">Nashville, Tennessee</a>, to pursue a career in music. She traveled there with her mother at age eleven to visit record labels and submitted demo tapes of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolly_Parton" title="Dolly Parton">Dolly Parton</a> and <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dixie_Chicks" title="Dixie Chicks">Dixie Chicks</a> karaoke covers.
She was rejected, however, because "everyone in that town wanted to do
what I wanted to do. So, I kept thinking to myself, I need to figure out
a way to be different."
</p><p>When Swift was around 12 years old, computer repairman and local
musician Ronnie Cremer taught her to play guitar. Cremer helped with her
first efforts as a songwriter, leading her to write "Lucky You".
In 2003, Swift and her parents started working with New York–based
talent manager Dan Dymtrow. With his help, Swift modeled for <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abercrombie_%26_Fitch" title="Abercrombie & Fitch">Abercrombie & Fitch</a> as part of their "Rising Stars" campaign, had an original song included on a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maybelline" title="Maybelline">Maybelline</a> compilation CD, and met with major record labels. After performing original songs at an <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RCA_Records" title="RCA Records">RCA Records</a>
showcase, Swift, then 13 years old, was given an artist development
deal and began making frequent trips to Nashville with her mother.
To help Swift break into the country music scene, her father
transferred to Merrill Lynch's Nashville office when she was 14 years
old, and the family relocated to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hendersonville,_Tennessee" title="Hendersonville, Tennessee">Hendersonville, Tennessee</a>. Swift attended <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hendersonville_High_School_(Tennessee)" title="Hendersonville High School (Tennessee)">Hendersonville High School</a>
before transferring to Aaron Academy after two years, which better
accommodated her touring schedule through homeschooling. She graduated
one year early. Wikipedia<br /></p><p>[For <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taylor_Swift" target="_blank">details of her career cf., Wikipedia</a>] </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiHiS8nTEdZbl6e7s3AvSILY-WksDnFAxLe31NjzOFmtTtksPuSjoDKijwGcgHrWp-TY1z0gV5FkHapffgDGgw685SYf_CxC8jsm12KCavs_j7Kh-h0zvOASkwTTTHEHIwr_anE9LCc9FxoJkZ2XnYdyTw5nRJ3Rr16ZrpG_0L-PcEJ7q_qRwgsfRh5YvQ/s3172/Relationship_%20Edward%20ROCKSTEIN%20to%20Taylor%20Allison%20Swift.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3172" data-original-width="818" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiHiS8nTEdZbl6e7s3AvSILY-WksDnFAxLe31NjzOFmtTtksPuSjoDKijwGcgHrWp-TY1z0gV5FkHapffgDGgw685SYf_CxC8jsm12KCavs_j7Kh-h0zvOASkwTTTHEHIwr_anE9LCc9FxoJkZ2XnYdyTw5nRJ3Rr16ZrpG_0L-PcEJ7q_qRwgsfRh5YvQ/s16000/Relationship_%20Edward%20ROCKSTEIN%20to%20Taylor%20Allison%20Swift.png" /></a></div><br /><p><br /></p><p> </p>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3238599334992481670.post-71653302974110837002023-12-06T20:27:00.000-08:002023-12-06T20:27:14.780-08:00Townsend Harris--Educator, Merchant, Politician, Envoy, & Treaty-Maker<p> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgK0indYpHLWO-AgKhfs50ZeXTcpoDL4vL4a5MDeZi5GHyiHTY8J3u9IyjJS4G8Y21BxYNL-Rc3ruT740TJ_LGIIOmUjtsE4Pn8mVhKq8gJNnfEnL_p5R9Zj9PI1meQtV60r_np8C0ZRpZ2IfThdSR783Ok2wHdlijzaNNbaTHbl22Qlrue1Q9xHFRjzNY/s1600/Townsend-Harris-68859327.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="980" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgK0indYpHLWO-AgKhfs50ZeXTcpoDL4vL4a5MDeZi5GHyiHTY8J3u9IyjJS4G8Y21BxYNL-Rc3ruT740TJ_LGIIOmUjtsE4Pn8mVhKq8gJNnfEnL_p5R9Zj9PI1meQtV60r_np8C0ZRpZ2IfThdSR783Ok2wHdlijzaNNbaTHbl22Qlrue1Q9xHFRjzNY/w123-h200/Townsend-Harris-68859327.jpg" width="123" /></a></div><b> </b><p></p><p><b>Townsend Harris</b> (October 4, 1804 – February 25, 1878) was an American merchant and politician who served as the first United States <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consul_General" title="Consul General">Consul General</a> to Japan. He negotiated the "<a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harris_Treaty" title="Harris Treaty">Harris Treaty</a>" between the US and Japan and is credited as the diplomat who first opened Shogunate Japan to foreign trade and culture in the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edo_period" title="Edo period">Edo period</a>. </p><p>Harris was born in the village of Sandy Hill (now <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hudson_Falls,_New_York" title="Hudson Falls, New York">Hudson Falls</a>), in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington_County,_New_York" title="Washington County, New York">Washington County</a> in upstate New York. He moved early to New York City, where he became a successful merchant and importer from China.
</p><p>In 1846 Harris joined the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_City_Department_of_Education" title="New York City Department of Education">New York City Board of Education</a>, serving as its president until 1848. He was an avid and critical reader and also taught himself French, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a> and Spanish. He founded the Free Academy of the City of New York, which later became the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_College_of_New_York" title="City College of New York">City College of New York</a>, to provide education to the city's working people. A city high school bearing Harris's name, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Townsend_Harris_High_School" title="Townsend Harris High School">Townsend Harris High School</a>, soon emerged as a separate entity out of the Free Academy's secondary-level curriculum; the school survived until 1942 when <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiorello_La_Guardia" title="Fiorello La Guardia">Fiorello La Guardia</a>
closed it because of budget constraints. Townsend Harris High School
was re-created in 1984 as a public magnet school for the humanities.</p><p>
Harris, though anxious to get to his new post in Japan, went first to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Bangkok#Bangkok_as_capital_city" title="History of Bangkok">Bangkok</a>, to update the 1833 <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siamese-American_Treaty_of_Amity_and_Commerce" title="Siamese-American Treaty of Amity and Commerce">Roberts Treaty</a>. In his formal audience with the English-speaking and Western-oriented <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinklao#Reign_with_Mongkut" title="Pinklao">Second King, Phra Pin Klao</a>, Harris stated America's position:</p><blockquote><p>The
United States does not hold any possessions in the East, nor does it
desire any. The form of government forbids the holding of colonies.
The United States, therefore, cannot be an object of jealousy to any
Eastern Power. Peaceful commercial relations, which give as well as
receive benefits, is what the President wishes to establish with Siam,
and such is the object of my mission.</p></blockquote>
<p>Finalization of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bowring_Treaty" title="Bowring Treaty">Bowring Treaty</a>
of 1855 delayed Harris for about a month, but he had only to negotiate
minor points to transform it into the Harris Treaty of 1856.
</p><p>Re-designated the <i>Treaty of Amity, Commerce, and Navigation</i>, the amendments granted Americans <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extraterritorial_rights" title="Extraterritorial rights">extraterritorial rights</a> in addition to those in the Roberts Treaty. American missionary <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Mattoon" title="Stephen Mattoon">Stephen Mattoon</a>, who had acted as translator, was appointed the first United States <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consul_(representative)#United_States_consuls_in_the_early_years" title="Consul (representative)">consul</a> to <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siam" title="Siam">Siam</a>.</p><p>President <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franklin_Pierce" title="Franklin Pierce">Franklin Pierce</a> named Harris the first <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consul_(representative)" title="Consul (representative)">Consul General</a> to Tokugawa Japan in July 1856, where he opened the first US Consulate at the <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gyokusen-ji_Temple" title="Gyokusen-ji Temple">Gyokusen-ji Temple</a> in the city of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shimoda,_Shizuoka" title="Shimoda, Shizuoka">Shimoda</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shizuoka_Prefecture" title="Shizuoka Prefecture">Shizuoka Prefecture</a>, soon after Commodore <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matthew_Perry_(naval_officer)" title="Matthew Perry (naval officer)">Matthew Perry</a>
had first opened trade between the US and Japan in 1854. At that time,
Japan was not a nation united under one leader, but was politically made
up of jealous feudal principalities; the Shogunate ended in 1868, in
part in response to Harris as envoy from the US since 1854, as <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Elliot_Griffis" title="William Elliot Griffis">William Elliot Griffis</a> described the changes inside Japan after it opened itself to trade with the US and European nations.
</p><p>Harris played an important political role in Japan in the 1850s and 1860s, alongside fellow Western diplomats <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dirk_de_Graeff_van_Polsbroek" title="Dirk de Graeff van Polsbroek">Dirk de Graeff van Polsbroek</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_von_Brandt" title="Max von Brandt">Max von Brandt</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutherford_Alcock" title="Rutherford Alcock">Rutherford Alcock</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustave_Duchesne_de_Bellecourt" title="Gustave Duchesne de Bellecourt">Gustave Duchesne, Prince de Bellecourt</a>.
Although these men were bound by personal friendship, national
rivalries and differences in dealing with the Japanese led to conflict
and antagonism. However, the chaotic and ungovernable circumstances of
the first few years forced them to cooperate.
Harris demanded the courtesies due to an accredited envoy and refused to
deliver his president's letter to anyone but the Shogun in Edo, and to
him personally. After prolonged negotiations lasting 18 months, Harris
finally received a personal audience with the Shogun in the palace.
After another four months, he successfully negotiated the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Amity_and_Commerce_(United_States%E2%80%93Japan)" title="Treaty of Amity and Commerce (United States–Japan)">Treaty of Amity and Commerce</a>,
or the "Harris Treaty of 1858", securing trade between the US and Japan
and paving the way for greater Western influence in Japan's economy and
politics. During treaty negotiations in June 1857, Harris requested the provision of teenage sex servants for himself and his translator.<sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 56"> </span></sup> A 17 year-old named Tôjin Okichi was forced to have sex with Harris. Harris rejected her after three days because of a skin eruption on her back and demanded "cleaner" girls. Japanese officials provided him with two other teenagers in spring and summer 1858.
</p><p>He served during the <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_Embassy_to_the_United_States_(1860)" title="Japanese Embassy to the United States (1860)">first Japanese Embassy to the United States</a>, during which a false report reached the US of his death.
Unfortunately he was addicted to alcohol and the complaints about his
functioning led to his departure in 1861. Upon his departure, senior
Japanese diplomat Moriyama wrote to him "You have been more than a
friend. You have been our benefactor and teacher. Your spirit and memory
will live forever in the history of Japan."
</p><p>Harris was favorably impressed by his experiences in Japan at the
end of its self-imposed period of isolation. He wrote: "The people all
appeared clean and well-fed... well clad and happy looking. It is more
like the golden age of simplicity and honesty than I have ever seen in
any other country".</p><p>Townsend returned to New York in 1861 after his eventful and successful period as envoy and ambassador to Japan. Author <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Elliot_Griffis" title="William Elliot Griffis">William Elliot Griffis</a>
had been in Japan from 1871 to 1874, invited to help modernize
education there. Griffis met with Harris in New York in 1874. Harris
asked of Griffis, "What do the Japanese think of me?" Griffis asked
Townsend why he had not published his journals from those years.
Griffis felt that Harris had not appreciated the extent of his
favorable effect in Japan from his work in the five years as envoy, as
Griffis later wrote in a 1919 article in <i>The New York Times</i>.
Griffis obtained the journals from the niece of Harris in 1893, and had
those journals published in 1895 by Houghton, Mifflin in New York, with
additional biographical sketches and annotations. That book, <i>Townsend Harris, First American Envoy in Japan</i>,
and translated into Japanese, was the basis for a play about Harris,
written by Kido Okimoto and staged in Japan in 1919. The play was
successful in Japan, reflecting how positively Harris was viewed in
Japan. The actor playing Harris was made up to look like Harris, based
on a photograph held in Tokyo.
</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masao_Miyoshi" title="Masao Miyoshi">Masao Miyoshi</a>, born and educated in Japan and later a teacher in US universities, asserts in his book <i>As We Saw Them: The First Japanese Embassy to the United States (1860)</i>
that the restrictive lifestyle for Townsend Harris as ambassador in
Japan "had forever molded the opener of Japan into a hermit" for the
rest of his life while in New York City.</p><p>Harris died in New York City on February 25, 1878, at age 73. He is buried in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green-Wood_Cemetery" title="Green-Wood Cemetery">Green-Wood Cemetery</a> in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brooklyn" title="Brooklyn">Brooklyn</a>, New York.
In 1986, the nation of Japan presented a gift of a refurbished
gravesite including paving stones, a stone lantern, a cherry tree, a
dogwood tree, and two commemorative stones, in commemoration of the
continuing respect and affection of the Japanese people for Harris.</p><p>Harris was portrayed by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne" title="John Wayne">John Wayne</a> in the 1958 movie <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Barbarian_and_the_Geisha" title="The Barbarian and the Geisha">The Barbarian and the Geisha</a></i>, directed by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Huston" title="John Huston">John Huston</a>.
Although the primary plot, dealing with Harris' attempt diplomatically
to achieve détente between the U.S. and Japan, is essentially accurate,
the subplot dealing with the love affair between Harris and Okichi is
substantially fictional. Wikipedia</p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEivAgdQSeJaNZZvpd5-wusozNLLD7mN0AojFVZnrceY5xeSQcSBCy1wruZztwdykg6EnCcqHJeCZz_XvYPCXPaXHUEH5N0N7o64CdNwIOjFtH8rqbAzCMkaJ3W1dlBpFlROKV3m2MPe9WHbnf21KUoTyEWcHxNQsuETh4V2ocJFPzK-Blg96lJAkQ5VBjg/s2115/Relationship_%20Edward%20ROCKSTEIN%20to%20Townsend%20Harris.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2115" data-original-width="818" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEivAgdQSeJaNZZvpd5-wusozNLLD7mN0AojFVZnrceY5xeSQcSBCy1wruZztwdykg6EnCcqHJeCZz_XvYPCXPaXHUEH5N0N7o64CdNwIOjFtH8rqbAzCMkaJ3W1dlBpFlROKV3m2MPe9WHbnf21KUoTyEWcHxNQsuETh4V2ocJFPzK-Blg96lJAkQ5VBjg/s16000/Relationship_%20Edward%20ROCKSTEIN%20to%20Townsend%20Harris.png" /></a></div><br /> <br /><p></p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3238599334992481670.post-15154180406264678012023-12-01T12:51:00.000-08:002024-03-10T17:20:10.952-07:00Langdon Notables: Finding Lists by Category<p> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjc83SU8Z_DuK0AU4kgldrTZ5XzDHjho_9_ChkcAwidpbEsE_R5pOt4X_5sX8RyJ8apZBxwGkCgQ3UMstwzNqqKE_nOKcFAnspRRL5A0B63SfMnDq2yx-kGeT55h_w6t9U0jnLy1xDpK1Y7G_jBaN3c52vLSG2G-3QFjU54-xFhOZGR4Aj0w-NxaBRQbEU/s550/Langdon%20Crest.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="550" data-original-width="550" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjc83SU8Z_DuK0AU4kgldrTZ5XzDHjho_9_ChkcAwidpbEsE_R5pOt4X_5sX8RyJ8apZBxwGkCgQ3UMstwzNqqKE_nOKcFAnspRRL5A0B63SfMnDq2yx-kGeT55h_w6t9U0jnLy1xDpK1Y7G_jBaN3c52vLSG2G-3QFjU54-xFhOZGR4Aj0w-NxaBRQbEU/w200-h200/Langdon%20Crest.jpg" width="200" /></a></div><br /><p></p><p> The Following is a Finding List for, at last count, about 400 Notable Persons who Have Ancestral Connections to that of the Descendants of Charles D. Langdon (1848-1908) of Brooklyn. The research was conducted by Edward Rockstein over the last several years and took an estimated 600 hours to complete so far. One of the primary tools that has facilitated this work is the [A Family Tree for the Human Family "the largest shared family tree in the world". It contains some errors. This research certainly contains some errors. Most, but not all, of the biographical material included comes from Wikipedia for which we are most grateful. This work is being shared on Facebook by Davey Langdon. If you have corrections please contact Davey Langdon on Facebook. Personalities have been loosely categorized and listed under the following categories, roughly within some semblance of alphabetic order in each category:<br /></p><p>Categories: Royalty & Nobility * Politicians & Military Leaders * Performers & Athletes * Magnates * Inventors, Scientists, & Scholars * Writers, Artists, Composers, & Lyricists<br /></p><p><b><i>Royalty & Nobility </i></b></p><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name">King <a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2023/06/king-thelwulf-of-wessex.html" target="_blank">Æthelwulf of Wessex</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/02/marie-antoinette-queen-marie-antoinette.html" target="_blank">Marie Antoinette [Queen Marie Antoinette Josèphe Jeanne Lorraine]</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/07/prince-consort-albert.html" target="_blank">Prince Consort Albert</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/08/king-philippe-of-belgium.html" target="_blank">King Albert II of Belgium</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/07/czar-alexander-ii-of-russia-sewards.html" target="_blank">Czar Alexander II of Russia--Seward's Folly</a>
</h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name">
</h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2023/06/alfred-great-king-of-west-saxons.html" target="_blank">Alfred the Great, King of the West Saxons</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2023/06/arthur-wellesley-1st-duke-of-wellington.html" target="_blank">Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington</a>
</h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2023/06/berenger-i-king-of-italy.html" target="_blank">Berenger I, King of Italy</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2023/06/berenger-ii-king-of-italy.html" target="_blank">Berenger II, King of Italy</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/07/tsar-boris-iii-of-bulgaria.html" target="_blank">Tsar Boris III of Bulgaria</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/02/prince-george-of-cambridge.html" target="_blank">Prince George of Cambridge</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/07/king-carol-ii-of-romania.html" target="_blank">King Carol II of Romania</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2023/06/charlemagne-king-of-franks-and-lombards.html" target="_blank">Charlemagne, King of the Franks and Lombards and Emperor of the Romans</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/02/charles-prince-of-wales.html" target="_blank">King Charles III, UK</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name">
</h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2023/06/charles-martel-charles-hammer.html" target="_blank">Charles Martel--Charles the Hammer</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/07/king-christian-x-denmark.html" target="_blank">King Christian X Denmark</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/07/king-constantine-i-of-greece.html" target="_blank">King Constantine I of Greece</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/07/king-constantine-ii-of-greece.html">King Constantine II of Greece</a>
</h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/07/king-christian-ix-of-denmark.html" target="_blank">King Christian IX of Denmark</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/04/oliver-cromwell-lord-protector-of.html" target="_blank">Oliver Cromwell, Lord Protector of the British Isles</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2023/04/thomas-darcy-first-baron-darcy-of-chiche.html" target="_blank">Thomas Darcy, First Baron Darcy of Chiche</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"> </h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2023/05/domhnall-i-earl-of-mar.html" target="_blank">Domhnall I, Earl of Mar</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2023/06/ecgberht-king-of-wessex.html" target="_blank">Ecgberht King of Wessex</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2023/04/king-edward-i-england-longshanks-hammer.html" target="_blank">King Edward I England -- Longshanks, Hammer of the Scots</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2023/04/king-edward-ii-edward-of-caernarfon.html" target="_blank">King Edward II--Edward of Caernarfon</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2023/04/king-edward-iii-windsor.html" target="_blank">King Edward III -- Windsor--Hundred Years' War
</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/02/king-edward-vii-of-united-kingdom-of.html" target="_blank">King Edward VII of the United Kingdom of Great Britain</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name">
</h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name">
</h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2023/04/eleanor-of-aquitaine-queen-of-france.html" target="_blank">Eleanor of Aquitaine -- Queen of France, Queen of England, Duchess of Aquitaine</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/02/queen-elizabeth-ii.html" target="_blank">Queen Elizabeth II</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name">
</h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name">
</h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2023/06/emengarde-of-italy-queen-of-provence.html" target="_blank">Emengarde of Italy, Queen of Provence</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/07/empress-maria-feodorovna-of-russia.html" target="_blank">Empress Maria Feodorovna of Russia</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/07/tsar-ferdinand-i-of-bulgaria.html" target="_blank">Tsar Ferdinand I of Bulgaria</a>
</h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/08/king-ferdinand-ii-of-two-sicilies.html" target="_blank">King Ferdinand II of the Two Sicilies</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/07/king-francesco-i-di-borbone-delle-due.html" target="_blank">King Francesco I di Borbone delle due Sicilie</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/08/king-frederick-william-ii-of-prussia.html" target="_blank">King Frederick William II of Prussia</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/05/kaiser-frederick-william-iii-von-prussia.html" target="_blank">Kaiser Frederick William III von Prussia</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/05/archduke-franz-ferdinand-von-osterreich.html" target="_blank">Archduke Franz Ferdinand von Österreich</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/02/king-george-iii_5.html" target="_blank">King George III</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/02/king-george-v.html" target="_blank">King George V</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/02/king-george-vi.html" target="_blank">King George VI</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/05/wilhelm-der-groe.html" target="_blank">Kaiser Wilhelm der Große</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/05/kaiser-wilhelm-ii.html" target="_blank">Kaiser Wilhelm II</a>
</h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name">
</h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/05/konig-friedrich-wilhelm-iii-von.html" target="_blank">König Friedrich Wilhelm III von Hohenzollern of Prussia</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/07/king-frederik-viii-of-denmark.html" target="_blank">King Frederik VIII of Denmark</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/07/king-george-i-of-greece.html" target="_blank">King George I of Greece</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/07/king-george-ii-of-greece.html" target="_blank">King George II of Greece</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/07/king-haakon-vii-of-norway.html" target="_blank">King Haakon VII of Norway</a>
</h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/07/king-harald-v-of-norway.html">King Harald V of Norway</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/02/prince-harry-duke-of-sussex.html" target="_blank">Prince Harry, Duke of Sussex</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name">
</h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name">
</h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2023/04/henry-i-of-england-henry-beauclerc.html" target="_blank">Henry I of England -- Henry Beauclerc, House of Normandy</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name">King <a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2023/04/king-henry-ii-plantagenet-henry.html" target="_blank">Henry II Plantagenet -- Henry Curtmantle</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2023/04/henry-i-sinclair-earl-of-orkney-lord-of.html" target="_blank">Henry I Sinclair -- Earl of Orkney, Lord of Roslin</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2023/04/king-henry-iii-plantagenet-henry-of.html" target="_blank">King Henry III Plantagenet -- Henry of Winchester</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name">
</h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2023/06/hugh-capet-king-of-franks.html" target="_blank">Hugh Capet, King of the Franks</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2023/04/isabella-of-france-queen-of-england.html" target="_blank">Isabella of France -- Queen of England</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/05/lieutenant-general-james-hamilton-4th.html" target="_blank">Lieutenant General James Hamilton, 4th Duke of Hamilton</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/05/duke-william-douglass-hamiton.html" target="_blank">Duke William Douglass Hamilton</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"> </h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2023/04/king-james-i-of-scotland.html" target="_blank">King James I of Scotland</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2023/04/king-james-ii-of-scotland.html" target="_blank">King James II of Scotland</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2023/04/john-de-vere-13th-earl-of-oxford-henry.html" target="_blank">John de Vere, 13th Earl of Oxford--Henry VII's Commander at Battle of Bosworth Field </a>
</h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2023/04/king-john-i-of-england-plantagenet-john.html" target="_blank">King John I of England -- Plantagenet -- John Lackland</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2023/04/john-of-gaunt-duke-of-lancaster.html" target="_blank">John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster--Founder of the House of Lancaster</a>
</h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2023/05/isabella-of-mar.html" target="_blank">Isabella of Mar--Mother of the Founder of Scotland's Royal House of Stuart</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/05/joseph-ii-holy-roman-emperor-benign.html" target="_blank">Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor--Benign Despot/Mozart Patron</a>
</h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/08/king-leopold-iii-of-belgium.html" target="_blank">King Leopold III of Belgium</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name">
</h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2023/06/lothair-i-king-of-franks-emperor-of.html" target="_blank">Lothair I, King of the Franks, Emperor of the Romans </a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2023/06/louis-i-pious-holy-roman-emperor.html" target="_blank">Louis I, The Pious, Holy Roman Emperor</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2023/06/louis-ii-younger-king-of-italy-and.html" target="_blank">Louis II the Younger, King of Italy and Emperor of the Carolingian Empire</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name">King <a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2023/04/king-louis-ix-of-france-st-louis.html" target="_blank">Louis IX of France -- St Louis</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/02/princess-margaret-countess-of-snowdon.html" target="_blank">Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/02/empress-maria-theresa.html" target="_blank">Empress Maria Theresa</a>
</h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2023/04/holy-roman-empress-matilda-queen-of.html" target="_blank">Holy Roman Empress Matilda -- Queen of the Romans</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/07/queen-maud-of-norway.html" target="_blank">Queen Maud of Norway</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/07/king-michael-i-of-romania.html" target="_blank">King Michael I of Romania</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/07/czar-nicholas-ii-of-russia-saint.html" target="_blank">Czar Nicholas II of Russia---Saint Nicholas the Passion-Bearer</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/07/king-olav-v-of-norway.html" target="_blank">King Olav V of Norway</a>
</h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"></h3>
<div class="post-header">
<div class="post-header-line-1"></div>
</div>
<h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/07/king-paul-of-greece.html" target="_blank">King Paul of Greece</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name">
</h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"> </h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2023/06/pepin-short-king-of-franks.html" target="_blank">Pepin the Short, King of the Franks</a>
</h3><p></p><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2023/06/pepin-ii-younger-de-heristal.html" target="_blank">Pepin II, The Younger, de Heristal</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name">King <a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2023/04/king-philip-iii-capet-of-france-philip.html" target="_blank">Philip III Capet of France -- Philip the Bold</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/08/king-philippe-of-belgium.html" target="_blank">King Philip IV Capet of France -- Philip the Fair</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/02/prince-philip-duke-of-edinburgh.html" target="_blank">Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh</a>
</h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/08/king-philippe-of-belgium.html" target="_blank">King Philippe of Belgium
</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/05/prince-rainier-iii-de-monaco.html" target="_blank">Prince Rainier III de Monaco</a>
</h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2023/04/king-richard-i-plantagenet-lion-heart.html" target="_blank">Richard I -- Plantagenet --The Lion Heart</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2023/04/king-robert-i-of-sctland-robert-bruce.html" target="_blank">King Robert I of Scotland -- Robert the Bruce</a>
</h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name">
</h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2023/06/robert-ii-pious-capet-king-of-franks.html" target="_blank">Robert II, the Pious, Capet, King of the Franks</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2023/04/king-robert-ii-of-sctland.html" target="_blank">King Robert II of Scotland</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="King Robert III of Scotland " target="_blank">King Robert III of Scotland</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/07/grand-duchess-anastasia-nikolaevna.html" target="_blank">Grand Duchess Anastasia Nikolaevna Romanov of Russia</a>
</h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/07/tsar-simeon-ii-of-bulgaria.html" target="_blank">Tsar Simeon II of Bulgaria</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/01/diana-princess-of-wales-spencer.html" target="_blank">Diana, Princess of Wales, Spencer</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/02/queen-victoria.html" target="_blank">Queen Victoria</a>
</h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/08/queen-wilhelmina-of-netherlands.html" target="_blank">Queen Wilhelmina of Netherlands</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/08/king-willem-i-of-netherlands.html" target="_blank">King Willem I of Netherlands</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/08/king-willem-ii-king-of-netherlands.html" target="_blank">King Willem II, King of the Netherlands, Grand Duke of Luxembourg, and Duke of Limburg</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/02/prince-william-duke-of-cambridge.html" target="_blank">Prince William, Duke of Cambridge</a>
</h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name">
</h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2023/04/william-i-england-william-conqueror.html" target="_blank">William I England -- William the Conqueror -- Guillaume le Bâtard --House of Normandy</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/08/king-william-iii-of-netherlands-grand.html" target="_blank">King William III of Netherlands, Grand Duke of Luxembourg. Duke of Limburg from 1849 -1866</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/03/ludwig-i-karl-august-wittelsbach-king.html" target="_blank">Ludwig I Karl August Wittelsbach King of Bavaria [Oktoberfest]</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/02/ludwig-otto-friedrich-wilhelm-ii-king.html" target="_blank">Ludwig Otto Friedrich Wilhelm II, King of Bavaria</a></h3><p></p><p> </p><p><b><i> Politicians & Military Leaders</i></b></p><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/01/abigail-smith-adams.html" target="_blank">Abigail [Smith] Adams</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/01/president-john-quincy-adams.html" target="_blank">President John Quincy Adams</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name">
</h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/06/col-john-bayard.html" target="_blank">Col John Bayard</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/05/benjamin-gratz-brown.html" target="_blank">Benjamin Gratz Brown</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/02/president-george-hwbush.html" target="_blank">President George H.W.Bush</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/02/president-george-walker-bush.html" target="_blank">President George Walker Bush</a></h3><p></p><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2023/02/dirnsa-ltg-ralph-j-canine.html" target="_blank">LTG Ralph J. Canine--First Director of NSA</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2023/08/dick-cheney-vice-president-of-united.html" target="_blank">Dick Cheney</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2023/08/liz-cheney-vice-chair-of-united-states.html" target="_blank">Liz Cheney</a> </h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/01/sir-winston-leonard-spencer-churchill.html" target="_blank">Sir Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/05/cassius-marcellus-clay-lion-of-white.html" target="_blank">Cassius Marcellus Clay--"The Lion of White Hall" <br /></a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/04/henry-clay-great-compromiser.html" target="_blank">Henry Clay--The Great Compromiser</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/01/president-calvin-coolidge.html" target="_blank">President Calvin Coolidge</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/02/governor-dewitt-clinton.html" target="_blank">Governor DeWitt Clinton</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/05/sir-henry-williams-alias-cromwell.html" target="_blank">Sir Henry Williams, alias Cromwell</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/02/governor-howard-dean.html" target="_blank">Governor Howard Dean</a>
</h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/04/governor-thomas-e-dewey.html" target="_blank">Governor Thomas E. Dewey</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/03/general-simeon-de-witt.html" target="_blank">General Simeon De Witt</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/04/senator-bob-dole.html" target="_blank">Senator Bob Dole</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name">
</h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/05/governor-hamilton-fish.html" target="_blank">Governor Hamilton Fish--Master of Diplomacy</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2023/08/president-millard-fillmore-last-whig.html" target="_blank">Millard Fillmore</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/04/frederick-theodore-freylinghuysen.html" target="_blank">Frederick Theodore Freylinghuysen</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/01/president-james-garfield.html" target="_blank">President James Garfield</a>
</h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/02/president-ulysses-s-grant.html" target="_blank">President Ulysses S. Grant</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/04/benjamin-franklin-hallett-first.html" target="_blank">Benjamin Franklin Hallett--First Chairman of the DNC</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name">
</h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2023/12/townsend-harris-educator-merchant.html" target="_blank">Townsend Harris--Educator, Merchant, Politician, Envoy, & Treaty-Maker
</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/01/president-benjamin-harrison.html" target="_blank">President Benjamin Harrison</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/05/senator-orrin-g-hatch.html" target="_blank">Senator Orrin G. Hatch</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/02/justice-oliver-wendell-holmes-jr.html" target="_blank">Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes, jr.</a>
</h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/03/rear-admiral-grace-hopper.html" target="_blank">Rear Admiral Grace Hopper</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/01/john-jay.html" target="_blank">John Jay</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2024/03/jackie-kennedy.html" target="_blank">Jackie Kennedy</a><br /></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/04/henry-cabot-lodge-jr.html" target="_blank">Henry Cabot Lodge, jr.</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/02/huey-kingfish-pierce-long-jr.html" target="_blank">Huey "Kingfish" Pierce Long, jr.</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/02/alfred-thayer-mahan.html" target="_blank">Alfred Thayer Mahan</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/03/james-mott-his-wife-lucretia-coffin-mott.html" target="_blank">James Mott & his wife Lucretia Coffin Mott
</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/01/president-richard-milhous-nixon.html" target="_blank">President Richard Milhous Nixon</a>
</h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/01/president-barack-hussein-obama.html" target="_blank">President Barack Hussein Obama</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/05/sandra-day-oconnor-first-woman.html" target="_blank">Sandra Day O'Connor-First Woman Justice on SCOTUS</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/01/general-george-s-patton.html" target="_blank">General George S. Patton</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/03/secretary-of-labor-frances-perkins.html" target="_blank">Secretary of Labor Frances Perkins</a>
</h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name">
</h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name">
</h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/05/senator-harry-reid.html" target="_blank">Senator Harry Reid</a>
</h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2023/03/senator-jay-rockefeller.html" target="_blank">Senator Jay Rockefeller--Student of Japanese and Chinese</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2023/02/vpotus-governor-nelson-rockefeller.html" target="_blank">Vice President & Governor of New York--Nelson Rockefeller
</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2023/02/governor-winthrop-rockefeller.html" target="_blank">Winthrop Rockefeller--Governor of Arkansas</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/01/anna-eleanor-roosevelt.html" target="_blank">[Anna] Eleanor Roosevelt</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/01/president-franklin-delano-roosevelt.html" target="_blank">President Franklin Delano Roosevelt</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/01/president-theodore-teddy-roosevelt.html" target="_blank">President Theodore "Teddy" Roosevelt
</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/06/brigadier-general-theodore-roosevelt-iii.html" target="_blank">Brigadier General Theodore Roosevelt III</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/02/henry-rutgers.html" target="_blank">Henry Rutgers</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/03/brigadier-general-george-henry-sharpe.html" target="_blank">Brigadier General George Henry Sharpe--"Father of Military Intelligence"</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/03/elizabeth-cady-stanton.html" target="_blank">Elizabeth Cady Stanton</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/01/president-martin-van-buren.html">President Martin Van Buren</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name">
</h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/06/manfred-albrecht-von-richtofen-red-baron.html" target="_blank">Manfred Albrecht von Richtofen--The Red Baron</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/09/president-harry-s-truman-give-em-hell.html" target="_blank">President Harry S. Truman--Give 'em Hell, Harry!
</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/02/governor-foster-mcgowan-voorhees.html" target="_blank">Governor Foster McGowan Voorhees</a>
</h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/02/governor-peter-dumont-vroom.html" target="_blank">Governor Peter Dumont Vroom</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/05/senator-elizabeth-warren.html" target="_blank">Senator Elizabeth Warren</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/02/joseph-welch.html" target="_blank">Joseph Welch</a>
</h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/04/elihu-yale.html" target="_blank">Elihu Yale</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/04/brigadier-general-chuck-yeager-first.html" target="_blank">Brigadier General Chuck Yeager--First Man to Break the Sound Barrier</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"> </h3><p></p><p><b><i>Performers & Athletes</i></b><br /></p><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/05/lola-albright.html" target="_blank">Lola Albright</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/02/neil-armstrong.html" target="_blank">Neil Armstrong</a>
</h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/04/james-arness.html" target="_blank">James Arness</a>
</h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/08/jean-arthur.html" target="_blank">Jean Arthur--"everyday heroine"
</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/02/kevin-bacon.html" target="_blank">Kevin Bacon</a>
</h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/04/lucille-ball.html" target="_blank">Lucille Ball</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/02/warren-beatty.html" target="_blank">Warren Beatty</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/01/humphrey-deforest-bogart.html" target="_blank">Humphrey [DeForest] Bogart</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/02/marlon-brando.html" target="_blank">Marlon Brando</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/02/tom-brokaw.html" target="_blank">Tom Brokaw</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/02/david-carradine.html" target="_blank">David Carradine</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/02/john-carradine.html" target="_blank">John Carradine</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name">
</h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/02/keith-carradine.html" target="_blank">Keith Carradine</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/02/robert-carradine.html" target="_blank">Robert Carradine</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/02/johnny-carson.html" target="_blank">Johnny Carson</a>
</h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name">
</h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"></h3>
<div class="post-header">
<div class="post-header-line-1"></div>
</div>
<h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/02/lon-chaney-jr.html" target="_blank">Lon Chaney, jr</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/08/cyd-charisse-studied-dancing-after-polio.html" target="_blank">Cyd Charisse--Studied Dancing After Polio</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/02/anderson-cooper.html" target="_blank">Anderson Cooper</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name">
</h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name">
</h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name">
</h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2023/09/dick-clark-american-bandstand.html" target="_blank">Dick Clark <br /></a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/01/edward-montgomery-clift.html" target="_blank">[Edward] Montgomery Clift</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2023/09/tim-considine.html" target="_blank">Tim Considine</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/04/kathrine-cornell-first-lady-of-theatre.html" target="_blank">Kathrine Cornell--"The First Lady of the Theatre"</a>
</h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2023/02/david-van-cortlandt-crosby.html" target="_blank">David Van Cortlandt Crosby--The Byrds and Crosby, Stills, & Nash</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/02/joan-crawford.html" target="_blank">Joan Crawford</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/02/walter-cronkite.html" target="_blank">Walter Cronkite</a>
</h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name">
</h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/04/dagmar.html" target="_blank">Dagmar</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/04/linda-darnell.html" target="_blank">Linda Darnell--Movie Star at Fifteen</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/02/james-dean.html" target="_blank">James Dean</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/02/carl-william-demarest.html" target="_blank">Carl William Demarest</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name">
</h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/02/john-denver.html" target="_blank">John Denver</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/05/susan-dey.html" target="_blank">Susan Dey--3 Emmys & 6 Golden Globes</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/03/andy-devine.html" target="_blank">Andy Devine</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a class="enhancr_card_9799196608" href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2024/03/howard-duff.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Howard Duff</a> <br /></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/04/nathaniel-eaton-first-headmaster-of.html" target="_blank">Nathaniel Eaton--First Headmaster of Harvard University</a>
</h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name">
</h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/04/nelson-eddy.html" target="_blank">Nelson Eddy</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name">
</h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name">
</h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2023/09/tim-considine.html" target="_blank"> </a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2023/11/jack-elam-cowboy-movie-bad-guy-comedy.html" target="_blank">Jack Elam</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/02/frances-farmer.html" target="_blank">Frances Farmer</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/03/geraldine-fitzgerald-orson-welles.html" target="_blank">Geraldine Fitzgerald & Orson Welles
</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/04/jay-c-flippen.html" target="_blank">Jay C. Flippen</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/02/bridget-fonda.html" target="_blank">Bridget Fonda</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/02/henry-fonda.html" target="_blank">Henry Fonda</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/02/jane-fonda.html" target="_blank">Jane Fonda</a>
</h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/02/peter-fonda.html" target="_blank">Peter Fonda</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name">
</h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2023/11/mona-freeman.html" target="_blank">Mona Freeman</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/02/crystal-gayle.html" target="_blank">Crystal Gayle</a>
</h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/05/will-geer.html" target="_blank">Will Geer</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/04/paulette-goddard.html" target="_blank">Paulette Goddard</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/02/betty-grable.html" target="_blank">Betty Grable</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/02/sue-grafton.html" target="_blank">Sue Grafton</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/02/glen-gray.html" target="_blank">Glen Gray</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name">
</h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/04/peter-graves.html" target="_blank">Peter Graves</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name">
</h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2023/09/jane-greer-woman-with-mona-lisa-smile.html" target="_blank">Jane Greer </a><br /></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2023/12/jim-harbaugh-head-coach-university-of.html" target="_blank">Jim Harbaugh--Head Coach University of Michigan, former Head Coach of the San Francisco 49ers</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2023/12/john-harbaugh-baltimore-ravens-head.html" target="_blank">John Harbaugh--Baltimore Ravens Head Coach</a>
</h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/02/mark-karmon.html" target="_blank">Mark Harmon</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/02/tom-harmon.html" target="_blank">Tom Harmon</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="Phil Harris " target="_blank">Phil Harris</a>
</h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/06/june-haver-next-betty-grable.html" target="_blank">June Haver--"The Next Betty Grable"
</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/04/sterling-hayden.html" target="_blank">Sterling Hayden</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/02/jim-henson.html" target="_blank">Jim Henson</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/01/audrey-hepburn.html" target="_blank">Audrey Hepburn</a>
</h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/02/katharine-hepburn.html" target="_blank">Katharine Hepburn</a>
</h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name">
</h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/02/wild-bill-hickock.html" target="_blank">"Wild Bill" Hickock</a>
</h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name">
</h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/04/stirling-holloway.html" target="_blank">Stirling Holloway</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/04/celeste-holme.html" target="_blank">Celeste Holme</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/04/dennis-hopper.html" target="_blank">Dennis Hopper</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/03/ken-howard.html" target="_blank">Ken Howard</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/03/ron-howard.html" target="_blank">Ron Howard</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/02/gordie-howe.html" target="_blank">Gordie Howe</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name">
</h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/03/barbara-hutton-poor-little-rich-girl.html" target="_blank">Barbara Hutton, "Poor Little Rich Girl"
</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name">
</h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2023/01/bettyhutton-elizabeth-june-thornburg.html" target="_blank">Betty Hutton (Elizabeth June Thornburg}--Comedienne & Songbird</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/04/waylon-jennings.html" target="_blank">Waylon Jennings</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/02/eddie-joost.html" target="_blank">Eddie Joost</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/05/sally-kellerman.html" target="_blank">Sally Kellerman</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2023/04/alan-ladd-shane.html" target="_blank">Alan Ladd--"Shane"</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/05/julie-london.html" target="_blank">Julie London</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/02/allen-ludden.html" target="_blank">Allen Ludden</a>
</h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/04/paul-lynde.html" target="_blank">Paul Lynde</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/02/loretta-lynn.html" target="_blank">Loretta Lynn</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/02/shirley-maclaine.html" target="_blank">Shirley MacLaine</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name">
</h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name">
</h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/04/elsa-maxwell.html" target="_blank">Elsa Maxwell</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/03/darren-mcgavin.html" target="_blank">Darren McGavin</a>
</h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/03/gary-merrill.html" target="_blank">Gary Merrill</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name">
</h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/05/agnes-de-mille.html" target="_blank">Agnes de Mille</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/02/cecil-b-demille.html" target="_blank">Cecil B. DeMille</a>
</h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name">
</h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/09/marilyn-monroe-blonde-bombshell.html" target="_blank">Marilyn Monroe--Blonde Bombshell</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/02/elizabeth-montgomery.html" target="_blank">Elizabeth Montgomery</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/02/robert-montgomery.html" target="_blank">Robert Montgomery</a>
</h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name">
</h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name">
</h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2023/08/demi-moore-member-of-brat-pack-one-time.html" target="_blank">Demi Moore </a><br /></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2023/10/lois-nettleton-star-of-radio-television.html" target="_blank">Lois Nettleton</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/04/marni-nixon-ghostess-with-mostest.html" target="_blank">Marni Nixon--"The Ghostess with the Mostest"
</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/04/jack-oakie.html" target="_blank">Jack Oakie</a>
</h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/06/edna-mae-oliver.html" target="_blank">Edna Mae Oliver--character actress extraordinaire & a true Nutter</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/04/merlin-olsen.html" target="_blank">Merlin Olsen</a>
</h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name">
</h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2023/10/geraldine-page-summer-and-smoke.html" target="_blank">Geraldine Page</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/05/ethan-peck.html" target="_blank">Ethan Peck</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/02/gregory-peck.html" target="_blank">Gregory Peck</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/02/slim-pickens.html" target="_blank">Slim Pickens</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="Eleanor Powell--Queen of Tap " target="_blank">Eleanor Powell--Queen of Tap</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/02/tyrone-power.html" target="_blank">Tyrone Power</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/01/elvis-aaron-presley.html" target="_blank">Elvis [Aaron] Presley--The King</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/02/vincent-price.html" target="_blank">Vincent Price</a>
</h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name">
</h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2023/10/james-randi-amazing-randi-born-randall.html" target="_blank">James Randi</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/04/gene-raymond.html" target="_blank">Gene Raymond</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/03/gene-roddenberry-and-majel-barrett.html" target="_blank">Gene Roddenberry and Majel Barrett</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/05/pee-wee-reese.html" target="_blank">Pee Wee Reese</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/02/jason-ritter.html" target="_blank">Jason Ritter</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/02/john-ritter.html" target="_blank">John Ritter</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/02/ginger-rogers.html" target="_blank">Ginger Rogers</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/02/george-c-scott.html" target="_blank">George C. Scott</a>
</h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/02/norma-shearer.html" target="_blank">Norma Shearer</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/04/sally-struthers.html" target="_blank">Sally Struthers</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2023/12/taylor-swift-singer-songwriter-business.html" target="_blank">Taylor Swift--Singer, Songwriter, Business Mangate</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/02/norma-talmadge.html" target="_blank">Norma Talmadge--Shining Star of the Silent Cinema</a>
</h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/02/norma-talmadge.html" target="_blank"></a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/06/robert-taylor.html" target="_blank">Robert Taylor</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/02/shirley-jane-temple.html" target="_blank">Shirley Jane Temple</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/07/gene-tierney-called-most-beautiful.html" target="_blank">Gene Tierney--"the most beautiful woman in movie history"</a>
</h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2023/11/liltin-martha-tilton.html" rel="nofollow">Liltin' Martha Tilton</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/02/lana-turner.html" target="_blank">Lana Turner</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/02/norm-van-brocklin.html" target="_blank">Norm Van Brocklin</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/02/lee-van-cleef.html" target="_blank">Lee Van Cleef</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2023/04/james-van-der-beek.html" target="_blank">James Van Der Beek--Dawson's Creek</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/04/marcia-van-dyke.html" target="_blank">Marcia Van Dyke</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/05/fred-waring.html" target="_blank">Fred Waring--"The Man Who Taught America How to Sing"
</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/02/jane-wyatt.html" target="_blank">Jane Wyatt</a>
</h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/04/david-wayne-1st-tony-for-actor.html" target="_blank">David Wayne--1st Tony for Actor, Supporting or Featured (Musical)</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/02/john-wayne-marion-morrison.html" target="_blank">John Wayne [Marion Morrison]</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/04/adam-west.html" target="_blank">Adam West</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/02/robin-williams.html" target="_blank">Robin Williams</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/02/jane-wyman.html" target="_blank">Jane Wyman</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name">
</h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"> <br /></h3><p></p><p><b><i>Magnates</i></b></p><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/04/caroline-schermerhorm-astor.html" target="_blank">Caroline Schermerhorn Astor</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/02/john-jacob-astor-iv.html" target="_blank">John Jacob Astor IV</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/02/alexander-johnston-cassatt.html" target="_blank">Alexander Johnston Cassatt</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/02/walter-chrysler.html" target="_blank">Walter Chrysler</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/04/bill-gates-co-founder-of-microsoft.html" target="_blank">Bill Gates-Co-Founder of MicroSoft</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/04/wt-grant.html" target="_blank">WT Grant</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/02/mason-w-gross.html" target="_blank">Mason W. Gross</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2012/08/major-thomas-jones-my-7g-grandfather.html" target="_blank">Major Thomas Jones</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/02/the-koch-brothers-david-hamilton-koch.html" target="_blank">The Koch Brothers -- David Hamilton Koch </a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/02/mason-w-gross.html" target="_blank"> </a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name">
</h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/04/jp-morgan.html" target="_blank">J.P. Morgan</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name">
</h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2023/02/david-rockefeller-chairman-ceo-chase.html" target="_blank">David Rockefeller--Chairman & CEO Chase Manhattan Bank</a><br /></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2023/02/john-davison-rockefeller-sr-co-founder.html" target="_blank">John Davison Rockefeller, Sr., Co-founder Standard Oil</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2023/02/john-d-rockefeller-jr-philanthropist.html" target="_blank">John D. Rockefeller, jr., Philanthropist & Bloody Strike-Breaker
</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2023/02/william-avery-rockefeller-jr-co-founder.html" target="_blank">William Avery Rockefeller, jr., Co-founder Standard Oil</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/03/colonel-harland-d-sanders.html" target="_blank">Colonel Harland D. Sanders</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/02/grant-tinker.html" target="_blank">Grant Tinker</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/01/cornelius-vanderbilt.html" target="_blank">Cornelius Vanderbilt</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name">
</h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name">
</h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/04/gertrude-vanderbilt-whitney.html" target="_blank">Gertrude Vanderbilt Whitney</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/02/theodore-newton-vail.html" target="_blank">Theodore Newton Vail</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"> </h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name">
</h3><p></p><p><b><i>Inventors, Scientists, & Scholars</i></b><br /></p><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/02/dr-virginia-apgar.html" target="_blank">Dr. Virginia Apgar</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/02/sir-frederick-g-banting.html" target="_blank">Sir Frederick G. Banting</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/02/clarence-birdseye.html" target="_blank">Clarence Birdseye</a>
</h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/05/michael-coe-eminent-mayanist.html" target="_blank">Michael Coe--Eminent Mayanist</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/02/lee-deforest.html" target="_blank">Lee DeForest</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/05/rev-william-henry-steele-demarest-11th.html" target="_blank">Rev. William Henry Steele Demarest, 11th President of Rutgers</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/04/jennifer-doudna.html" target="_blank">Jennifer Doudna</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/02/alan-b-dumont.html" target="_blank">Alan B. Dumont</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/02/thomas-alva-edison.html" target="_blank">Thomas Alva Edison</a>
</h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/02/gari-k-ledyard.html" target="_blank">Gari K. Ledyard</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/04/margaret-mead.html" target="_blank">Margaret Mead</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/04/maria-mitchell-first-american-woman.html" target="_blank">Maria Mitchell--First American Woman Astronomer</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name">
</h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/05/barbara-mcclintock.html" target="_blank">Barbara McClintock--Nobel Laureate</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/03/linus-pauling.html" target="_blank">Linus Pauling</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/06/anna-curtenius-roosevelt.html" target="_blank">Anna Curtenius Roosevelt</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/02/doctor-spock.html" target="_blank">Doctor Spock</a>
</h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/05/john-hasbrouck-van-vleck-nobel-laureate.html" target="_blank">John Hasbrouck Van Vleck--Nobel Laureate--Manhattan Project </a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/02/edward-w-wagner.html" target="_blank">Edward W. Wagner</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/02/noah-webster-jr.html" target="_blank">Noah Webster, jr</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/02/george-wstinghouse.html" target="_blank">George Westinghouse</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name">
</h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name">
</h3><p><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2023/11/eli-whitney-key-inventor-of-industrial.html">Eli Whitney</a></p><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/01/the-wright-brothers-wilbur-orville.html" target="_blank">The Wright Brothers -- Wilbur & Orville</a>
</h3><p> <br /></p><p> </p><p><b><i>Founders </i></b><br /></p><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2016/06/claes-jacobus-backer-and-margaretha.html" target="_blank">Claes Jacobus Backer and Margaretha Stuyvesant Backer</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2023/02/robert-benchley-american-humorist.html" target="_blank">Robert Benchley- American Humorist</a>
</h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2023/08/mary-barr-clay.html" target="_blank">Mary Barr Clay</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2012/08/samuel-clowes-my-7g-grandfather.html" target="_blank">Samuel Clowes</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2023/04/robert-coles-early-settler.html" target="_blank">Robert Coles--Early Settler & Founding Member First Baptist Church in America</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2012/09/john-concklyne-my-8g-grandfath.html" target="_blank">John Concklyne</a> [Conklin]<br /></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2012/09/gerret-dircksen-croesen-my-9g.html" target="_blank">Gerret Dircksen Croesen</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2023/04/robert-coles-early-settler.html" target="_blank">
</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2023/07/gov-john-dickinson-penman-of-reveolution.html" target="_blank">John Dickinson </a><br /></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/03/rev-theophilus-eaton-cofounder-governor.html" target="_blank">Rev. Theophilus Eaton, Cofounder & Governor of New Haven Colony & Original Patentee of the Massachusetts Bay Colony
</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2023/02/john-king-fairbank.html" target="_blank">John King Fairbank--A Founder of Chinese Studies in the U.S.</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2023/08/thomas-garrett-quaker-abolitionist.html" target="_blank">Thomas Garrett</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/05/samuel-gorton-champion-of-civil-rights.html" target="_blank">Samuel Gorton--Champion of Civil Rights</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2013/01/john-langdon-of-hempstead-and-boston.html" target="_blank">John Langdon of Hempstead and Boston</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2012/12/evert-pels-my-8g-grandfather.html" target="_blank">Evert Pels</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/02/captain-adrian-crijnen-post.html" target="_blank">Captain Adrian Crijnen Post</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2012/11/joris-janssen-rapalje-my-10g-grandfather.html" target="_blank">Joris Janssen Rapalje</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2023/02/john-d-rockefeller-iii-founder-of-asia.html" target="_blank">John D. Rockefeller, III, Founder of the Asia Society & the Population Council <br /></a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2016/06/reverend-balthazer-johannes-stuyvesant.html" target="_blank">Reverend Balthazer Johannes Stuyvesant</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2012/09/john-townsend-my-9g-grandfather.html" target="_blank">John Townsend</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2012/12/catalyntje-trico-my-10g-grandmother.html" target="_blank">Catalyntje Trico, My 10G Grandmother, Wife of Joris Rapalje</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2012/12/egbert-van-borsum-my-9g-grandfather.html" target="_blank">Egbert Van Borsum </a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/05/pieter-pieterszen-vannest.html" target="_blank">Pieter Pieterszen Vannest</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2016/06/aert-thunissen-van-putten-my-9g.html" target="_blank">Aert Thunissen van Putten</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"> </h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"> </h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><i>Writers, Artists, Composers, & Lyricists</i></span><br /></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/03/louisa-may-alcott.html" target="_blank">Louisa May Alcott</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/04/alice-austen.html" target="_blank">Alice Austen</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/03/ambrose-bierce.html" target="_blank">Ambrose Bierce</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name">
</h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/05/margaret-wise-brown-goodnight-moon.html" target="_blank">Margaret Wise Brown--Goodnight Moon</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/04/orson-scott-card.html" target="_blank">Orson Scott Card</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/03/dale-carnegie.html" target="_blank">Dale Carnegie</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/01/mary-steveson-cassatt.html" target="_blank">Mary Stevenson Cassatt</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/02/susan-fenimore-cooper.html" target="_blank">Susan Fenimore Cooper</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/02/stephen-crane.html" target="_blank">Stephen Crane</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/02/emily-dickinson.html" target="_blank">Emily Dickinson</a>
</h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name">
</h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/03/fannie-farmer.html" target="_blank">Fannie Farmer</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/02/f-scott-fitzgerald.html" target="_blank">F. Scott Fitzgerald</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/02/erle-stanley-gardner.html" target="_blank">Erle Stanley Gardner</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/02/sue-grafton.html" target="_blank">Sue Grafton</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/02/dashiell-hammett.html" target="_blank">Dashiell Hammett</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/02/buddy-holly.html" target="_blank">Buddy Holly</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/02/edward-hopper.html" target="_blank">Edward Hopper</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name">
</h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name">
</h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/09/agatha-christie-lady-mallowan-dbe.html" target="_blank">Agatha Christie, Lady Mallowan, DBE--Best Selling Fiction Writer of All Time</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/05/dr-oliver-wendell-holmes-sr-old.html" target="_blank">Dr. Oliver Wendell Holmes, sr.--"Old Ironsides"
</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2023/12/rockwell-kent-american-modernist.html" target="_blank">Rockwell Kent--An American Modernist</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/04/joyce-kilmer.html" target="_blank">Joyce Kilmer</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/02/alice-roosevelt-longworth.html" target="_blank">Alice Roosevelt Longworth</a>
</h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/03/edna-st-vincent-millay-first-woman-to.html" target="_blank">Edna St. Vincent Millay--First Woman to Win a Pulitzer Prize in Poetry</a>
</h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/05/andre-norton.html" target="_blank">Andre Norton</a>
</h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2023/01/olivia-iona-louise-langdon-faithful.html" target="_blank">Olivia Iona Louise Langdon "faithful, judicious, and painstaking editor"</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2023/11/mary-margaret-mcbride-first-woman-to.html" target="_blank">Mary Margaret McBride</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/02/herman-melville.html" target="_blank">Herman Melville</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/05/johnny-mercer-four-best-song-oscars.html" target="_blank">Johnny Mercer--Four Best Song Oscars</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/01/georgia-totto-okeeffe.html" target="_blank">Georgia Totto O'Keeffe
</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2023/04/drew-pearson-washington-merry-go-round.html" target="_blank">Drew Pearson -- Washington Merry-Go-Round</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"> </h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2023/06/edgar-allan-poe-nevermore.html" target="_blank">Edgar Allan Poe</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2023/12/norman-rockwell.html" target="_blank">Norman Rockwell</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2024/03/bob-ross-joy-of-painting-mister-rogers.html" target="_blank">Bob Ross </a><br /></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/05/jdsalinger-catcher-in-rye.html" target="_blank">J.D.Salinger--Catcher in the Rye</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/05/john-singer-sargent.html" target="_blank">John Singer Sargent</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/03/harriet-beecher-stowe.html" target="_blank">Harriet Beecher Stowe</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/02/alfred-lord-tennyson.html" target="_blank">Alfred Lord Tennyson</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/02/louis-comfort-tiffany.html" target="_blank">Louis Comfort Tiffany</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/02/john-updike.html" target="_blank">John Updike</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/02/henry-jackson-van-dyke.html" target="_blank">Henry Jackson Van Dyke</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/02/gloria-vanderbilt.html" target="_blank">Gloria Vanderbilt</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name">
</h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/03/edith-wharton-first-woman-to-win.html" target="_blank">Edith Wharton--First Woman to Win a Pulitzer Prize in Literature</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/02/walt-whitman.html" target="_blank">Walt Whitman</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/03/laura-ingalls-wilder.html" target="_blank">Laura Ingalls Wilder</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/03/meredith-willson.html" target="_blank">Meredith Wilson--The Music Man</a>
</h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://langdonnotables.blogspot.com/2022/03/thomas-wolfe.html" target="_blank">Thomas Wolfe</a>
</h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name">
</h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"> </h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"> </h3><p> </p>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3238599334992481670.post-22101577734162857112023-11-25T17:49:00.000-08:002023-11-25T17:49:39.512-08:00Eli Whitney--Key Inventor of the Industrial Revolution--Cotton Gin & Interchangeable Parts<p> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhGpRK2pNA-ce7EFCZ3KGRwLvHSWoDLky_oF3_6x6z_UQ4UmNGHYcqHfr2wZUMd3yQ5JwV_MJei5x775cQ7raaXBXB28Ylvb_be6CsTq_PbwnGgtOi9tfMTa1UTIufSB-DYgPYEKfddaaCW5fbJwuXWPY-Na2ASVbTnabeCgeqjjFe3GXFxfTr66z8GZoQ/s1033/Eli%20Whitney%20jr.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1033" data-original-width="800" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhGpRK2pNA-ce7EFCZ3KGRwLvHSWoDLky_oF3_6x6z_UQ4UmNGHYcqHfr2wZUMd3yQ5JwV_MJei5x775cQ7raaXBXB28Ylvb_be6CsTq_PbwnGgtOi9tfMTa1UTIufSB-DYgPYEKfddaaCW5fbJwuXWPY-Na2ASVbTnabeCgeqjjFe3GXFxfTr66z8GZoQ/w155-h200/Eli%20Whitney%20jr.jpeg" width="155" /></a></div><br /><p></p><p><b>Eli Whitney Jr.</b> (December 8, 1765 – January 8, 1825) was an American inventor, widely known for inventing the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cotton_gin" title="Cotton gin">cotton gin</a> in 1793, one of the key inventions of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial_Revolution" title="Industrial Revolution">Industrial Revolution</a> that shaped the economy of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antebellum_South" title="Antebellum South">Antebellum South</a>.
</p><p>Whitney's invention made upland short cotton into a profitable crop, which strengthened the economic foundation of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavery_in_the_United_States" title="Slavery in the United States">slavery in the United States</a> and prolonged the institution. Despite the social and economic impact
of his invention, Whitney lost much of his profits in legal battles over
patent infringement for the cotton gin. Thereafter, he turned his
attention to securing contracts with the government in the manufacture
of muskets for the newly formed United States Army. He continued making
arms and inventing until his death in 1825. </p><p>Whitney was born in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westborough,_Massachusetts" title="Westborough, Massachusetts">Westborough</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Province_of_Massachusetts_Bay" title="Province of Massachusetts Bay">Massachusetts</a>,
on December 8, 1765, the eldest child of Eli Whitney Sr., a prosperous
farmer, and his wife Elizabeth Fay, also of Westborough.
</p><p>The younger Eli was famous during his lifetime and after his
death by the name "Eli Whitney", though he was technically Eli Whitney
Jr. His son, born in 1820, also named Eli, was known during his lifetime
and afterward by the name "Eli Whitney Jr."
</p><p>Whitney's mother, Elizabeth Fay, died in 1777, when he was 11. At age 14 he operated a profitable nail manufacturing operation in his father's workshop during the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">Revolutionary War</a>.
</p><p>Because his stepmother opposed his wish to attend college,
Whitney worked as a farm laborer and school teacher to save money. He
prepared for <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yale_University" title="Yale University">Yale</a> at <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leicester_Academy" title="Leicester Academy">Leicester Academy</a> (now <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Becker_College" title="Becker College">Becker College</a>) and under the tutelage of Rev. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizur_Goodrich_(clergyman)" title="Elizur Goodrich (clergyman)">Elizur Goodrich</a> of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Durham,_Connecticut" title="Durham, Connecticut">Durham, Connecticut</a>, he entered in the fall of 1789 and graduated <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phi_Beta_Kappa" title="Phi Beta Kappa">Phi Beta Kappa</a> in 1792.
Whitney expected to study law but, finding himself short of funds,
accepted an offer to go to South Carolina as a private tutor.
</p>
<p>Instead of reaching his destination, he was convinced to visit Georgia.
In the closing years of the 18th century, Georgia was a magnet for New
Englanders seeking their fortunes (its Revolutionary-era governor had
been <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyman_Hall" title="Lyman Hall">Lyman Hall</a>, a migrant from Connecticut). When he initially sailed for South Carolina, among his shipmates were the widow (<a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catherine_Littlefield_Greene" title="Catherine Littlefield Greene">Catherine Littlefield Greene</a>) and family of the Revolutionary hero Gen. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nathanael_Greene" title="Nathanael Greene">Nathanael Greene</a> of Rhode Island. Mrs. Greene invited Whitney to visit her Georgia plantation, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mulberry_Grove_Plantation" title="Mulberry Grove Plantation">Mulberry Grove</a>.
Her plantation manager and husband-to-be was Phineas Miller, another
Connecticut migrant and Yale graduate (class of 1785), who would become
Whitney's business partner. </p><p>Whitney is most famous for two innovations which came to have
significant impacts on the United States in the mid-19th century: the
cotton gin (1793) and his advocacy of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interchangeable_parts" title="Interchangeable parts">interchangeable parts</a>. In the South, the cotton gin revolutionized the way cotton was <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harvest" title="Harvest">harvested</a>
and reinvigorated slavery. Conversely, in the North the adoption of
interchangeable parts revolutionized the manufacturing industry,
contributing greatly to the U.S. victory in the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">Civil War</a>.</p><p>Despite his humble origins, Whitney was keenly aware of the value of
social and political connections. In building his arms business, he took
full advantage of the access that his status as a Yale alumnus gave him
to other well-placed graduates, such as Oliver Wolcott Jr., <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Treasury" title="United States Secretary of the Treasury">Secretary of the Treasury</a> (class of 1778), and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Hillhouse" title="James Hillhouse">James Hillhouse</a>, a New Haven developer and political leader.
</p><p>His 1817 marriage to Henrietta Edwards, granddaughter of the famed <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangelism" title="Evangelism">evangelist</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonathan_Edwards_(theologian)" title="Jonathan Edwards (theologian)">Jonathan Edwards</a>, daughter of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierpont_Edwards" title="Pierpont Edwards">Pierpont Edwards</a>, head of the Democratic Party in Connecticut, and first cousin of Yale's president, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timothy_Dwight_IV" title="Timothy Dwight IV">Timothy Dwight</a>, the state's leading <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federalist" title="Federalist">Federalist</a>, further tied him to Connecticut's <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruling_elite" title="Ruling elite">ruling elite</a>. In a business dependent on government contracts, such connections were essential to success.
</p><p>Whitney died of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prostate_cancer" title="Prostate cancer">prostate cancer</a> on January 8, 1825, in New Haven, Connecticut, just a month after his 59th birthday. Wikipedia</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiOd17g7U1UeyN2Tm_RbHaqdrhnUI3JKZxKLpnuegFvFqNEMcc0ZlbhpKGTHBY6AvqSGigz_RBSKBHGmPvrD28t-r86KPOrVdiHG-WVCVjLeqvPVYie6dc2M32_uM6BPsfqXDjlsC7zaL3ZN12H_w0DD5BUaQCGuZXonHMf3o_bToxKnsVsPDGSAisfZ5w/s3172/Relationship_%20Edward%20ROCKSTEIN%20to%20Eli%20Whitney%20jr.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3172" data-original-width="818" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiOd17g7U1UeyN2Tm_RbHaqdrhnUI3JKZxKLpnuegFvFqNEMcc0ZlbhpKGTHBY6AvqSGigz_RBSKBHGmPvrD28t-r86KPOrVdiHG-WVCVjLeqvPVYie6dc2M32_uM6BPsfqXDjlsC7zaL3ZN12H_w0DD5BUaQCGuZXonHMf3o_bToxKnsVsPDGSAisfZ5w/s16000/Relationship_%20Edward%20ROCKSTEIN%20to%20Eli%20Whitney%20jr.png" /></a></div><br /><p><br /></p><p> </p><p> <br /></p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3238599334992481670.post-65407796105266912042023-11-12T15:04:00.000-08:002023-11-12T15:04:50.814-08:00Liltin' Martha Tilton<p> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjls0RYlTMi0YWgA3AowoKzS3RtpbNhnAElk31JJ2_jw_TILlD9gmDM0n_OcmquwFfwHImY8VN0ciNqhZUbpdAqZpmUJ3-9-TlEMzt-1iX8xpr4ba0Cr7r2C4cMzNoHKNUM8P-Fn-bY4Zj2B2eugdwMggJXYYv1L5cpaPwA3OcRw00mFkIoytIy8JSKwL8/s1081/Martha%20Tilton.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1081" data-original-width="770" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjls0RYlTMi0YWgA3AowoKzS3RtpbNhnAElk31JJ2_jw_TILlD9gmDM0n_OcmquwFfwHImY8VN0ciNqhZUbpdAqZpmUJ3-9-TlEMzt-1iX8xpr4ba0Cr7r2C4cMzNoHKNUM8P-Fn-bY4Zj2B2eugdwMggJXYYv1L5cpaPwA3OcRw00mFkIoytIy8JSKwL8/w143-h200/Martha%20Tilton.jpg" width="143" /></a></div><br /><p></p><p><b>Martha Tilton</b> (November 14, 1915 – December 8, 2006) was an American popular singer during America's <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swing_era" title="Swing era">swing era</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditional_pop" title="Traditional pop">traditional pop</a> period. She is best known for her 1939 recording of "<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/And_the_Angels_Sing" title="And the Angels Sing">And the Angels Sing</a>" with <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benny_Goodman" title="Benny Goodman">Benny Goodman</a>.
</p><p>Tilton was born in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corpus_Christi,_Texas" title="Corpus Christi, Texas">Corpus Christi, Texas</a>, United States. Her family moved to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edna,_Kansas" title="Edna, Kansas">Edna, Kansas</a>, when she was three months old. They relocated to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a> when she was seven years old. While attending <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fairfax_High_School_(Los_Angeles)" title="Fairfax High School (Los Angeles)">Fairfax High School</a>
in Los Angeles, she was singing on a small radio station when she was
heard by an agent who signed her and began booking her with larger
stations.
</p><p>She then dropped out of school in the eleventh grade to join <a class="new" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hal_Grayson&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Hal Grayson (page does not exist)">Hal Grayson</a>'s band. After singing with the quartet <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three_Hits_and_a_Miss" title="Three Hits and a Miss">Three Hits and a Miss</a>, she joined the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeff_Alexander" title="Jeff Alexander">Myer Alexander Chorus</a> on <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benny_Goodman" title="Benny Goodman">Benny Goodman</a>'s radio show, <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camel_Caravan" title="Camel Caravan">Camel Caravan</a></i>. Goodman hired Tilton as a vocalist with his band in August 1937. She was with Goodman in January 1938, when <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Famous_1938_Carnegie_Hall_Jazz_Concert" title="The Famous 1938 Carnegie Hall Jazz Concert">the band performed at Carnegie Hall</a>. She continued to appear as Goodman's star vocalist until the end of 1939. She had a No. 1 hit with Benny Goodman's recording of "And the Angels Sing" in 1939.</p><p>Tilton had a major success from 1942 to 1949 as one of the first artists to record for <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capitol_Records" title="Capitol Records">Capitol Records</a>. Her first recording for Capitol was "Moon Dreams", Capitol 138, with Orchestra and The Mellowaires, composed by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnny_Mercer" title="Johnny Mercer">Johnny Mercer</a> and Glenn Miller pianist <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chummy_MacGregor" title="Chummy MacGregor">Chummy MacGregor</a> in 1942. "Moon Dreams" would be recorded by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glenn_Miller" title="Glenn Miller">Glenn Miller</a> in 1944 and by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miles_Davis" title="Miles Davis">Miles Davis</a> in 1950.
</p><p>Among her biggest hits as a solo artist were "<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%27ll_Walk_Alone" title="I'll Walk Alone">I'll Walk Alone</a>", a wartime ballad which rose to No. 4 on the charts in 1944;
"I Should Care" and "A Stranger in Town," which both peaked at No. 10
in 1945; and three in 1947: "How Are Things in Glocca Morra" from <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finian%27s_Rainbow" title="Finian's Rainbow">Finian's Rainbow</a></i>, which climbed to No. 8; "<a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/That%27s_My_Desire_(1931_song)" title="That's My Desire (1931 song)">That's My Desire</a>", which hit No. 10; and "I Wonder, I Wonder, I Wonder", which reached No. 9. After she left Capitol, Tilton recorded for other labels, including <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coral_Records" title="Coral Records">Coral</a> and Tops. Among her later albums was <i>We Sing the Old Songs</i> (1957, Tops), a mix of older songs and recent standards, recorded with baritone <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curt_Massey" title="Curt Massey">Curt Massey</a>.
</p><p>Reviewing the two-CD set, <i>The Liltin' Miss Tilton</i>, (Capitol, 2000), critic Don Heckman wrote:
</p><p>
There are those who would say that Martha Tilton wasn't a
jazz singer at all. But swing-era fans won't have any doubts,
remembering her for a rocking version of "Loch Lomond" at Benny
Goodman's 1938 Carnegie Hall concert.</p><p>In 1941, Tilton sang on <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibber_McGee_and_Molly" title="Fibber McGee and Molly">Fibber McGee and Molly</a></i> and starred on <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Campana_Serenade" title="Campana Serenade">Campana Serenade</a></i>, a program of popular music on first <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NBC" title="NBC">NBC</a> and then <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CBS" title="CBS">CBS</a> in 1942–1944.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-dunningota_8-0"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martha_Tilton#cite_note-dunningota-8">[8]</a></sup> (Tilton sang on the later CBS version, with the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lud_Gluskin" title="Lud Gluskin">Lud Gluskin</a> Orchestra.) A contemporary newspaper article called Tilton's role on <i>Fibber McGee and Molly</i>
"a milestone in her personal history ... Martha's biggest
transcontinental [broadcast] since her days as soloist with Benny
Goodman."
</p><p>In the early 1940s, she also sang on <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ransom_Sherman" title="Ransom Sherman">Ransom Sherman's</a> program on <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CBS" title="CBS">CBS</a>. Massey and Tilton starred in <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alka-Seltzer_Time" title="Alka-Seltzer Time">Alka-Seltzer Time</a></i>, a 15-minute radio series broadcast weekdays on both CBS and Mutual. Sponsored by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alka-Seltzer" title="Alka-Seltzer">Alka-Seltzer</a>, this show began in 1949 as <i>Curt Massey Time</i> (sometimes advertised as <i>Curt Massey Time with Martha Tilton</i>) with a title change to highlight the sponsor's product by 1952. Prior to that, Tilton had co-starred on <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Jack_Smith_Show" title="The Jack Smith Show">The Jack Smith Show</a></i>, another 15-minute radio musical program.
</p><p>By 1953, the series was heard simultaneously on Mutual (at noon)
and later that same day on CBS (at 5:45pm). Ads described the show as
"informal song sessions" by vocalists Massey and Tilton, who was often
billed as "The liltin' Martha Tilton". The two Texan singers performed
with Country Washburne and His Orchestra,
featuring Charles LaVere on piano. The series ended November 6, 1953.
However, Massey and Tilton continued to appear together during the late
1950s on such shows as <i>Guest Star</i> and <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stars_for_Defense" title="Stars for Defense">Stars for Defense</a></i>. </p><p>Her movies include <i>Sunny</i> (1941), <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strictly_in_the_Groove" title="Strictly in the Groove">Strictly in the Groove</a></i> (1942), <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swing_Hostess" title="Swing Hostess">Swing Hostess</a></i> (1944), <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crime,_Inc." title="Crime, Inc.">Crime, Inc.</a></i> (1945), and <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Benny_Goodman_Story" title="The Benny Goodman Story">The Benny Goodman Story</a></i> (1956). Her last film appearance was as the band vocalist in the TV movie <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queen_of_the_Stardust_Ballroom" title="Queen of the Stardust Ballroom">Queen of the Stardust Ballroom</a></i> (1975). Tilton's singing voice was used for other actresses including <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbara_Stanwyck" title="Barbara Stanwyck">Barbara Stanwyck</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martha_O%27Driscoll" title="Martha O'Driscoll">Martha O'Driscoll</a>, and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anne_Gwynne" title="Anne Gwynne">Anne Gwynne</a>.
</p><p>She appeared in several <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soundies" title="Soundies">Soundies</a> musical films of the 1940s. </p><p>Tilton once again worked with Massey in the late 1950s and early 1960s—this time on <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KRCA" title="KRCA">KRCA</a>-TV in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a>. They were reunited on that station's <i>Curt Massey Show</i>. In 1960, Tilton won a Southland <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmy_Award" title="Emmy Award">Emmy Award</a> as outstanding female personality for her work on KRCA.
In 1961, Tilton repeated as outstanding female personality, and the
program won the Most Outstanding Musical or Variety Show award. Tilton also appeared as a guest star on <i>The Jack Benny Program</i>, on February 26, 1963 (Season 13, Episode 21) where they reminisce about their work entertaining soldiers for the USO</p><p>On December 8, 2006, Tilton died of natural causes at her Brentwood home Wikipedia</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi1WbrClAmOrvIM4uE6qXBJdarY86tTuOEI-hEsV5bTE-zYy-9BeLsk_9hp_9xskqziCDRlzn2WeD7Qq903IMyFC7VNsGIM0KqVtNjIxDr4p4B7kaeUWEZ-hggiVMqRcF9L3ujFuW4rPMgM-_A9aT7QpZlq6q5TRomXtrgpsXZIBZww0es9z6nGCQ-ZWBY/s2115/Relationship_%20Edward%20ROCKSTEIN%20to%20Martha%20Ellen%20Tilton.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2115" data-original-width="818" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi1WbrClAmOrvIM4uE6qXBJdarY86tTuOEI-hEsV5bTE-zYy-9BeLsk_9hp_9xskqziCDRlzn2WeD7Qq903IMyFC7VNsGIM0KqVtNjIxDr4p4B7kaeUWEZ-hggiVMqRcF9L3ujFuW4rPMgM-_A9aT7QpZlq6q5TRomXtrgpsXZIBZww0es9z6nGCQ-ZWBY/s16000/Relationship_%20Edward%20ROCKSTEIN%20to%20Martha%20Ellen%20Tilton.png" /></a></div><br /><p><br /></p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3238599334992481670.post-63430915387298370502023-11-03T13:13:00.000-07:002023-11-03T13:13:34.200-07:00Mary Margaret McBride--first woman to bring newspaper technique to radio interviewing <p> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiCRhemdgrzSmTiBHLJBkR0hhL81kamOyZW_rbXwrrNx4CH0TNX_IIJ8fNmJdZpJkJh3HxsSyTgi0LYQ_ZFJPR1BWA76FlLvmoF76w5sVz7SrOQRhBzwkyTSRaNpXMG93E0HdhZLJKsaZp7l2WsxoRmcv0aEkA6toNiMZNyY_U1azFe7pjjFue7C_YvsXc/s792/Mary%20Margaret%20McBride.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="792" data-original-width="640" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiCRhemdgrzSmTiBHLJBkR0hhL81kamOyZW_rbXwrrNx4CH0TNX_IIJ8fNmJdZpJkJh3HxsSyTgi0LYQ_ZFJPR1BWA76FlLvmoF76w5sVz7SrOQRhBzwkyTSRaNpXMG93E0HdhZLJKsaZp7l2WsxoRmcv0aEkA6toNiMZNyY_U1azFe7pjjFue7C_YvsXc/w162-h200/Mary%20Margaret%20McBride.jpg" width="162" /></a></div><p></p><p><b>Mary Margaret McBride</b> (November 16, 1899 – April 7, 1976) was an
American radio interview host and writer. Her popular radio shows
spanned more than 40 years. In the 1940s, the daily audience for her
housewife-oriented program numbered from six to eight million listeners.
She was called "the First Lady of Radio". </p><p>McBride was born on November 16, 1899, in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris,_Missouri" title="Paris, Missouri">Paris, Missouri</a>,
to a farming family. Their frequent relocations disorganized her early
schooling, but at the age of six, she became a student at a <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University-preparatory_school" title="University-preparatory school">preparatory school</a> called <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Woods_University" title="William Woods University">William Woods College</a>, and at 16 the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Missouri" title="University of Missouri">University of Missouri</a>, receiving a degree in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Journalism" title="Journalism">journalism</a> there in 1919. She was a member of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kappa_Alpha_Theta" title="Kappa Alpha Theta">Kappa Alpha Theta</a> at the University of Missouri.
</p><p>She worked a year as a reporter at the <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cleveland_Press" title="Cleveland Press">Cleveland Press</a></i>, and then until 1924 at the <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Evening_Mail" title="New York Evening Mail">New York Evening Mail</a></i>. Following this, she wrote freelance for periodicals including <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Saturday_Evening_Post" title="The Saturday Evening Post">The Saturday Evening Post</a></i>, <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmopolitan_(magazine)" title="Cosmopolitan (magazine)">Cosmopolitan</a></i>, and <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Good_Housekeeping" title="Good Housekeeping">Good Housekeeping</a></i>, and starting in 1926, collaborated in writing travel-oriented books. </p><p>McBride first worked steadily in radio for <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WOR_(AM)" title="WOR (AM)">WOR</a>
in New York City, starting in 1934. This daily women's-advice show,
with her persona as "Martha Deane", a kind and witty grandmother figure
with a Missouri drawl, aired daily until 1940.
</p><p>Originally, McBride's character "Martha Deane" was to be a
grandmother with six children and many grandchildren-all imaginary.
They were all named and described; she was to memorize the details. Her
job was to talk colloquially and dispense philosophy. She kept getting
all her "grandchildren's" names mixed up and within three weeks, she
jettisoned the whole tribe on air. She remained Martha Deane, but was no
longer a grandmother.
</p><p>Concurrently with working as "Deane", in 1934 and 1935, she was the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women%27s_page" title="Women's page">women's page</a> editor for the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newspaper_Enterprise_Association" title="Newspaper Enterprise Association">Newspaper Enterprise Association</a> syndicate. </p><p>In 1937, she launched on the CBS radio network the first of a series
of similar and successful shows, now as Mary Margaret McBride. She had
to abandon the Deane persona because WOR owned the name and had replaced
her in 1940 with <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bessie_Beatty" title="Bessie Beatty">Bessie Beatty</a>.
</p><p>She interviewed figures well known in the world of arts and
entertainment and politics, with a style recognized as original to
herself. She accepted advertising only for products she was prepared to
endorse from her own experience, and turned down all tobacco or alcohol
products.
</p><p>She followed this format in regular broadcasts on:
</p>
<ul><li>CBS until 1941</li><li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NBC" title="NBC">NBC</a> (where her audience numbered in the millions) from then until 1950</li><li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Broadcasting_Company" title="American Broadcasting Company">ABC</a> from then until 1954</li><li>NBC again until 1960, and</li><li>The <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Herald_Tribune" title="New York Herald Tribune">New York Herald Tribune</a>'</i>s radio broadcasts with a wider audience via syndication.</li></ul>
<p>Her NBC show in the 1940s had broad range of guests, from politicians
to generals to movie stars; she never announced her guests in advance,
so the audience tuned in with no idea who they would get. Beginning
during <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, she began "breaking the color line", mixing in <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_American" title="African American">African American</a> guests. McBride was a popular media figure; the <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tea_rose" title="Tea rose">tea rose</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosa_%27Mary_Margaret_McBride%27" title="Rosa 'Mary Margaret McBride'">'Mary Margaret McBride'</a> was named for her.
</p><p>In September 1948, NBC brought McBride to television for a 30-minute <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primetime" title="Primetime">primetime</a> show on Tuesdays at 9 pm EST, but abandoned the show in its partial third month, with <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variety_(magazine)" title="Variety (magazine)">Variety</a></i> describing the attempt sarcastically, and <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i> calling her the first major "fatality" of this kind.
</p><p>Below is a review of one of her first television performances, reviewed by <i>The New York Times</i>:
</p>
<dl><dd>Perhaps the ladies in the daytime can survive Miss McBride's
effusive and interminable commercials, but for the men at home in the
evening they are hard to take after a day at the office. To watch Miss
McBride shift-without pause or loss of breath-from a eulogy of Kemtone
paint to an analysis of Russia is an ordeal not quickly forgotten. If
nighttime television is to be daytime radio, away video, away!</dd></dl>
<p>From 1953 to 1956, she also conducted a syndicated newspaper column for the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a>.
</p><p>About 20 years apart, she wrote two books for girls, each with "Elizabeth" in the title.
</p><p>As time went on, she appeared in smaller radio <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Media_market" title="Media market">media markets</a>, in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upstate_New_York" title="Upstate New York">upstate New York</a>, and toward the end of her life hosted <i>Your Hudson Valley Neighbor</i> three times a week on WGHQ Kingston, New York, from the living room of her <a class="external text" href="http://www.ashokandreams.com/history" rel="nofollow">home</a>. Her longtime companion and business partner, Stella Karn, died in 1957.
</p><p>She died at the age of 76 on April 7, 1976, at her home in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shokan,_New_York" title="Shokan, New York">West Shokan, New York</a>. McBride's ashes were placed in her former rose garden. She has a star on the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hollywood_Walk_of_Fame" title="Hollywood Walk of Fame">Hollywood Walk of Fame</a> for her work in radio.</p><p>An account of her career, <i>It's One O'clock and Here is Mary Margaret McBride: A Radio Biography</i> by Susan Ware was published in early 2005. She is also discussed in depth in <i>Radio Voices</i> by Michele Hilmes.
</p><p>The character of Mary McGoon, featured in the comedy routines of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_and_Ray" title="Bob and Ray">Bob and Ray</a>, is a parody of Mary Margaret McBride.
</p><p>The TV host Molly Margaret McSnide in <i>Fantastic Four</i> issue 16 is an obvious reference to her.
</p><p>Her name was spoofed on the classic CBS-TV sitcom <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I_Love_Lucy" title="I Love Lucy">I Love Lucy</a></i> in episode 79, "The Million Dollar Idea", which aired on January 11, 1954. In that installment, Lucy (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucille_Ball" title="Lucille Ball">Lucille Ball</a>)
comes up with an ambitious idea to make money. She decides to appear on
television selling her Aunt Martha's salad dressing. Assisting her on
the program is her best friend Ethel Mertz (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vivian_Vance" title="Vivian Vance">Vivian Vance</a>) as Mary Margaret McMertz.
</p><p>McBride's celebrity was hardly a secret confined to daytime radio
listeners, either; her 15th-anniversary celebration in 1949 was held in
Yankee Stadium, the only facility large enough to hold the 75,000
people who filled every seat and formed huge crowds outside. Her
magazine show was on the air continuously for 25 years.
</p><p>McBride pioneered a style of ad-libbing her radio shows, meaning
that the content in her show was not rehearsed prior to going on the
air. She was acknowledged by <i>Current Biography</i>
as "the first woman to bring newspaper technique to radio interviewing
and to make daytime broadcasts profitable." The method of sustaining her
show was also distinct. McBride and manager Stella Karn would produce
their show and then market it directly to sponsors in the New York area
or broader national arena. This format allowed McBride and Karn to have
complete agency over the content and format of the show. The two were
consistently able to maintain a level of support from sponsors, meaning
that they were able to produce content that was exactly how they
envisioned it, free of outside changes. This model was also one of
McBride's notable contributions to broadcasting, as it paved the way for
independent producing.</p><p>Mary Margaret McBride and Stella Karn met in the early 1920s in an
instance of complete happenstance. As McBride describes it, “One day a
bouncy woman, with eager brown eyes and auburn hair rolled into a bun,
burst into our office and announced that she would be handling publicity
for us.” McBride and Karn worked together for years, with Karn managing
McBride and her show. McBride described the two of them in a <i>Reader's Digest</i>
edition in 1962 as, "No two people were more unlike. My reaction to a
crisis was to dissolve into tears; Stella's was to charge into battle."
The two moved in together in a small apartment in the Chelsea
neighborhood of New York City. McBride and Karn relied on each other for
the entirety of their professional and personal lives.
</p><p>McBride describes their first endeavor as a complete gamble
motivated solely by Karn's optimism. During the Great Depression, the
opportunity came for McBride to audition for a radio show, one of the
only sources of entertainment at the time. When McBride got the job, she
immediately recommended Karn as the person to handle the business side
of the show's affairs. Karn and McBride became business partners, and
Karn's first act on the job was to give her partner a raise.
</p><p>McBride and Karn made a name for themselves as pioneers in the
field of broadcasting, and also as trailblazers for the future of
lesbian and bisexual journalists. McBride and Karn established their
show as a connection point for lesbian and bisexual female creatives,
forging friendships with influential names in broadcasting such as Ann
Batchelder and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisa_Sergio" title="Lisa Sergio">Lisa Sergio</a>. Wikipedia</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjU5BUIgjfypZmVFgodicad1hPQBXhNid5zjy2rHCJp57quiicBjVVl1nPXqoP6kDOIz9oN85r52cSbrWfwwTAJu9Kx7GJ2JJKIzQ7Z3b-rQCQn9uGn4oeSoPlIysoGOfLsqi8zOYGic9Af47TCGmY8VAdaBgCyHGjMHOAf7eHLEeAbcQLnPAuEfW4sldI/s3172/Relationship_%20Edward%20ROCKSTEIN%20to%20Mary%20Margaret%20McBride.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3172" data-original-width="818" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjU5BUIgjfypZmVFgodicad1hPQBXhNid5zjy2rHCJp57quiicBjVVl1nPXqoP6kDOIz9oN85r52cSbrWfwwTAJu9Kx7GJ2JJKIzQ7Z3b-rQCQn9uGn4oeSoPlIysoGOfLsqi8zOYGic9Af47TCGmY8VAdaBgCyHGjMHOAf7eHLEeAbcQLnPAuEfW4sldI/s16000/Relationship_%20Edward%20ROCKSTEIN%20to%20Mary%20Margaret%20McBride.png" /></a></div><br /><p><br /></p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3238599334992481670.post-20808690774818745122023-11-01T18:49:00.001-07:002023-11-01T18:49:28.604-07:00Jack Elam--Cowboy Movie Bad Guy & Comedy Relief<p> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhsMlRRdL4TaFr82rY9gfROk0BkdyfQcJzlrSJHoXsPadhNf-_1ApcEmIn5wqrk6q2p0ZIS-v-Gh4rSISvDLxI7pw2qWEnHVnnKsL5ifKnp9pAlELlP-jh0S22oBxOHqOwh-13fhbPMCO5zNNhv0FlGksmhdFHKjmbsFmtEY3Or60Fizjprh0zKKCvjsBI/s1024/Jack%20Elam.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1024" data-original-width="768" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhsMlRRdL4TaFr82rY9gfROk0BkdyfQcJzlrSJHoXsPadhNf-_1ApcEmIn5wqrk6q2p0ZIS-v-Gh4rSISvDLxI7pw2qWEnHVnnKsL5ifKnp9pAlELlP-jh0S22oBxOHqOwh-13fhbPMCO5zNNhv0FlGksmhdFHKjmbsFmtEY3Or60Fizjprh0zKKCvjsBI/w150-h200/Jack%20Elam.jpg" width="150" /></a></div><br /><p></p><p><b>William Scott</b> "<b>Jack</b>" <b>Elam</b> (November 13, 1920 – October 20, 2003) was an American film and television actor best known for his numerous roles as villains in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_(genre)" title="Western (genre)">Western films</a> and, later in his career, comedies (sometimes spoofing his villainous image). His most distinguishing physical quality was his <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strabismus" title="Strabismus">misaligned eye</a>. Before his career in acting, he took several jobs in finance and served two years in the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">U.S. Navy</a> during <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>.
</p><p>Elam performed in 73 movies and in at least 41 television series. </p><p>Born in 1920 in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miami,_Arizona" title="Miami, Arizona">Miami, Arizona</a>—a small mining town located 85 miles east of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phoenix,_Arizona" title="Phoenix, Arizona">Phoenix</a>—Jack was one of two children of Alice Amelia (<a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A9e" title="Née">née</a> Kerby) and Millard Elam. Jack's father supported the family by working assorted jobs over the years, including stints as a carpenter, "<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sawmill" title="Sawmill">millman</a>", and accountant. The Elams by 1924 had moved from Miami to the nearby community of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Globe,_Arizona" title="Globe, Arizona">Globe, Arizona</a>,
where in September that year Alice died at the age of 30, succumbing to
what state medical records cite as a three-year struggle with "general
paralysis".
After their mother's death, young Jack and his older sister Mildred
went to live with various family members until Millard married again in
April 1928, then to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kansas" title="Kansas">Kansas</a> native Flossie Varney. Federal census records show that two years later the children, their father, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stepmother" title="Stepmother">stepmother</a>, and Flossie's own mother were residing together in Globe, where Millard had a new job as an investigator for a loan company.
Flossie was employed as well at the time as a public school teacher,
while Jack also contributed to the family's income by periodically
working on nearby farms <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gleaning" title="Gleaning">gleaning</a> cotton.</p><p>
In 1931 Elam suffered a severe injury to his left eye during an
altercation with another boy, an injury that ultimately blinded him in
that eye and permanently damaged the muscles surrounding it<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-NYTobit_10-0"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Elam#cite_note-NYTobit-10">]</a></sup>
As Jack grew older, the impaired muscles caused his eye increasingly to
"drift" within its socket and not track in unison with his right eye,
often giving him a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strabismus" title="Strabismus">cockeyed</a> appearance. Percy Shain, a veteran film and television <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Television_criticism" title="Television criticism">critic</a> for <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Boston_Globe" title="The Boston Globe">The Boston Globe</a></i>, interviewed Elam in 1974 and quoted the actor's comments about the injury:</p><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>"I lost my eye when I was 11 in a fight at—would you believe it?—a boy scout meeting...It was a big initiation night but I got into a scrap with this other kid and he put a pencil through my eye.</p><wbr></wbr><p>"There was no doctor there and it wasn't looked at until sometime afterward. They finally took out the <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lens_(anatomy)" title="Lens (anatomy)">lens</a>
and made it sightless. It was 20 years, though, before it started
drifting. If it became an issue I could have it operated on, but at this
stage of life I probably won't.<br />"There was a time, though, when I was making <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rawhide_(1951_film)" title="Rawhide (1951 film)">Rawhide</a></i>, the movie [1951], that I mentioned to <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darryl_Zanuck" title="Darryl Zanuck">Darryl Zanuck</a> [head of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/20th_Century_Studios" title="20th Century Studios">20th Century-Fox</a>] that I could have it fixed. He said, 'Don't do it. It's part of your <a class="extiw" href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/mystique" title="wikt:Special:Search/mystique">mystique</a>.' So I never got back to it and it's become my trademark, in a way.</p><p>"At
this stage, it only causes me minor inconvenience. Sometimes I'm a
little off center, or when I'm talking to someone I do it at a slight
angle."</p></blockquote><p>
Zanuck's remarks about Elam's eye proved to be wise career advice, for despite any lifelong disadvantages that his "<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strabismus" title="Strabismus">lazy eye</a>"
created for him personally, it proved to be an asset professionally, at
least as a performer. His eye's distinctive appearance, combined with
Elam's natural acting abilities, drew the attention of many casting
directors of films and television series throughout the 1950s and 1960s.</p><p>Before becoming an actor, Elam completed his high-school education, got
married, attended college, worked in a variety of jobs, and, despite
being blind in one eye, served two years in the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">U.S. Navy</a> during <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>. He completed his secondary education in Arizona, graduating from <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phoenix_Union_High_School" title="Phoenix Union High School">Phoenix Union High School</a> in the late 1930s and then moving to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California" title="California">California</a>, where he majored in "<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Business_administration" title="Business administration">business studies</a>" at <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modesto_Junior_College" title="Modesto Junior College">Modesto</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa_Monica_College" title="Santa Monica College">Santa Monica</a> junior colleges.
During that time, he was also employed in several positions before
entering military service, including work as a salesman for a "<a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_trailer" title="House trailer">house trailer</a> agency", as an accountant for the <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_Oil_Company" title="Standard Oil Company">Standard Oil Company</a>, a bookkeeper at the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bank_of_America" title="Bank of America">Bank of America</a>, and a manager at the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hotel_Bel-Air" title="Hotel Bel-Air">Hotel Bel-Air</a> in Los Angeles. For a few years after his discharge from the navy, Elam continued to apply his business training as an accountant for <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hopalong_Cassidy_(TV_series)" title="Hopalong Cassidy (TV series)">Hopalong Cassidy</a> Productions and as an independent <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auditor" title="Auditor">auditor</a> for <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Goldwyn" title="Samuel Goldwyn">Samuel Goldwyn</a> and other moguls and companies associated with the film industry.
That work required Jack to spend long hours each day reading and
examining in detail large quantities of financial records, a routine
that put too much strain on his right eye, his "good eye". "'I only see out of one eye'", he explained in an interview published in <i>The Baltimore Sun</i>
in 1974, "'and that eye kept going shut.'" While Elam was widely
recognized in Hollywood as "a leading independent auditor in motion
pictures", by 1947 he found it necessary to quit that successful
occupation entirely.
He added, "'I had [my right eye] operated on several times and finally
the doctor said he couldn't open it any more. He told me I had to get
out of the business immediately or go blind.</p><p>Before becoming an actor, Elam completed his high-school education,
got married, attended college, worked in a variety of jobs, and, despite
being blind in one eye, served two years in the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">U.S. Navy</a> during <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>. He completed his secondary education in Arizona, graduating from <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phoenix_Union_High_School" title="Phoenix Union High School">Phoenix Union High School</a> in the late 1930s and then moving to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California" title="California">California</a>, where he majored in "<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Business_administration" title="Business administration">business studies</a>" at <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modesto_Junior_College" title="Modesto Junior College">Modesto</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa_Monica_College" title="Santa Monica College">Santa Monica</a> junior colleges.
During that time, he was also employed in several positions before
entering military service, including work as a salesman for a "<a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_trailer" title="House trailer">house trailer</a> agency", as an accountant for the <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_Oil_Company" title="Standard Oil Company">Standard Oil Company</a>, a bookkeeper at the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bank_of_America" title="Bank of America">Bank of America</a>, and a manager at the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hotel_Bel-Air" title="Hotel Bel-Air">Hotel Bel-Air</a> in Los Angeles. For a few years after his discharge from the navy, Elam continued to apply his business training as an accountant for <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hopalong_Cassidy_(TV_series)" title="Hopalong Cassidy (TV series)">Hopalong Cassidy</a> Productions and as an independent <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auditor" title="Auditor">auditor</a> for <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Goldwyn" title="Samuel Goldwyn">Samuel Goldwyn</a> and other moguls and companies associated with the film industry.
That work required Jack to spend long hours each day reading and
examining in detail large quantities of financial records, a routine
that put too much strain on his right eye, his "good eye". "'I only see out of one eye'", he explained in an interview published in <i>The Baltimore Sun</i>
in 1974, "'and that eye kept going shut.'" While Elam was widely
recognized in Hollywood as "a leading independent auditor in motion
pictures", by 1947 he found it necessary to quit that successful
occupation entirely.
He added, "'I had [my right eye] operated on several times and finally
the doctor said he couldn't open it any more. He told me I had to get
out of the business immediately or go blind.'"
</p>
<p>Elam made his screen debut in 1949 in <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/She_Shoulda_Said_No!" title="She Shoulda Said No!">She Shoulda Said No!</a>,</i> an <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exploitation_film" title="Exploitation film">exploitation film</a>
in which a chorus girl's habitual marijuana smoking ruins her career
and then drives her brother to suicide. Over the next decade as an
actor, Elam continued to perform most often in gangster films and
Westerns, firmly establishing himself in those <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genre" title="Genre">genres</a> as a reliable and memorable villain or "<a class="extiw" href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/thesaurus:villain" title="wikt:Special:Search/thesaurus:villain">heavy</a>".
In fact, by the end of the 1950s various American news outlets and
moviegoers were referring to him as "'the screen's most loathsome
character'".
</p><p>On television in the 1950s and 1960s, he made multiple guest-star appearances on many popular Western series, including <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Lone_Ranger_(TV_series)" title="The Lone Ranger (TV series)">The Lone Ranger</a></i>, <i>Gunsmoke</i>, <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Rifleman" title="The Rifleman">The Rifleman</a></i>, <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawman_(TV_series)" title="Lawman (TV series)">Lawman</a></i>, <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonanza" title="Bonanza">Bonanza</a></i>, <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheyenne_(TV_series)" title="Cheyenne (TV series)">Cheyenne</a></i>, <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Have_Gun_%E2%80%93_Will_Travel" title="Have Gun – Will Travel">Have Gun – Will Travel</a></i>, <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zorro_(1957_TV_series)" title="Zorro (1957 TV series)">Zorro</a></i>, <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Rebel_(American_TV_series)" title="The Rebel (American TV series)">The Rebel</a></i>, <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F_Troop" title="F Troop">F Troop</a></i>, <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tales_of_Wells_Fargo" title="Tales of Wells Fargo">Tales of Wells Fargo</a></i>, <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Texan_(TV_series)" title="The Texan (TV series)">The Texan</a></i>, and <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rawhide_(TV_series)" title="Rawhide (TV series)">Rawhide</a></i>. In 1961, he played a slightly crazed bus passenger on <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Twilight_Zone_(1959_TV_series)" title="The Twilight Zone (1959 TV series)">The Twilight Zone</a></i> episode "<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Will_the_Real_Martian_Please_Stand_Up%3F" title="Will the Real Martian Please Stand Up?">Will the Real Martian Please Stand Up?</a>". That same year, he also portrayed the Mexican historical figure <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_Cortina" title="Juan Cortina">Juan Cortina</a> in "The General Without a Cause", an episode of the anthology series <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_Valley_Days" title="Death Valley Days">Death Valley Days</a></i>. In 1962, Elam appeared as Paul Henry on <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawman_(TV_series)" title="Lawman (TV series)">Lawman</a></i> in the episode titled "Clootey Hutter".
</p><p>Elam in 1963 received a rare opportunity to portray the good guy,
appearing as a reformed gunfighter, Deputy U.S. Marshal J. D. Smith, in
the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Broadcasting_Company" title="American Broadcasting Company">ABC</a>/<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warner_Bros." title="Warner Bros.">Warner Bros.</a> series <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Dakotas_(TV_series)" title="The Dakotas (TV series)">The Dakotas</a></i>, a Western intended as the successor of <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheyenne_(TV_series)" title="Cheyenne (TV series)">Cheyenne</a></i>. <i>The Dakotas</i> ran for 19 episodes. He was then cast as George Taggart, "a former gunfighter who has become a <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_marshal" title="United States marshal">U.S. marshal</a>", in the 1963–1964 NBC/WB series <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temple_Houston_(TV_series)" title="Temple Houston (TV series)">Temple Houston</a></i>.
</p><p>In 1966 Jack Elam was cast in his first comedic role by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paramount_Pictures" title="Paramount Pictures">Paramount Pictures</a>, playing Hank in the Western film <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Night_of_the_Grizzly" title="The Night of the Grizzly">The Night of the Grizzly</a></i> starring <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clint_Walker" title="Clint Walker">Clint Walker</a>. The next year, for the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_Hecht" title="Harold Hecht">Harold Hecht</a> production <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Way_West_(film)" title="The Way West (film)">The Way West</a></i>, he was chosen for another light-hearted role, playing Preacher Weatherby and providing support to costars <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Mitchum" title="Robert Mitchum">Robert Mitchum</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Widmark" title="Richard Widmark">Richard Widmark</a>, and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirk_Douglas" title="Kirk Douglas">Kirk Douglas</a> in a story about a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wagon_train" title="Wagon train">wagon train</a> traveling the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oregon_Trail" title="Oregon Trail">Oregon Trail</a>. Then, in 1968, Elam performed in the opening scenes of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sergio_Leone" title="Sergio Leone">Sergio Leone</a>'s celebrated "<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spaghetti_Western" title="Spaghetti Western">spaghetti Western</a>" <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Once_Upon_a_Time_in_the_West" title="Once Upon a Time in the West">Once Upon a Time in the West</a></i>. In that film he portrays one of a trio of gunslingers sent to a train station to kill <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Bronson" title="Charles Bronson">Charles Bronson</a>'s
character. Elam in one sequence spends a good portion of his screen
time simply trying to rid himself of an annoying fly, finally capturing
the elusive insect inside the barrel of his pistol.
</p><p>In 1969, he played another comedic role in <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Support_Your_Local_Sheriff!" title="Support Your Local Sheriff!">Support Your Local Sheriff!</a></i>, which was followed two years later by <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Support_Your_Local_Gunfighter" title="Support Your Local Gunfighter">Support Your Local Gunfighter</a></i>, both opposite <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Garner" title="James Garner">James Garner</a>.
After his performances in those two films, Elam found his villainous
parts dwindling and his comic roles increasing. (Both films were also
directed by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burt_Kennedy" title="Burt Kennedy">Burt Kennedy</a>,
who had seen Elam's potential as a comedian and directed him a total of
15 times in features and television.) Between those two films, he also
played a comically cranky old coot opposite <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne" title="John Wayne">John Wayne</a> in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Howard_Hawks" title="Howard Hawks">Howard Hawks</a>'s <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio_Lobo" title="Rio Lobo">Rio Lobo</a></i> (1970). In 1974–1975, he was cast as Zack Wheeler in <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Texas_Wheelers" title="The Texas Wheelers">The Texas Wheelers</a></i>,
a short-lived comedy series in which he portrayed a long-lost father
returning home to raise his four children after their mother dies. Also
on television, in 1979, he performed as <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankenstein%27s_monster" title="Frankenstein's monster">Frankenstein's monster</a> on the CBS sitcom <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Struck_by_Lightning_(TV_series)" title="Struck by Lightning (TV series)">Struck by Lightning</a></i>,
but the show was cancelled after only three episodes (the remaining
eight were unaired (and remain so) in the U.S., though all 11 were aired
in the <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UK" title="UK">UK</a> in 1980). He then appeared in the role of Hick Peterson in a first-season episode of <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_Improvement_(TV_series)" title="Home Improvement (TV series)">Home Improvement</a></i> alongside <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest_Borgnine" title="Ernest Borgnine">Ernest Borgnine</a> (season one, episode 20, "Birds of a Feather Flock to Tim").
</p><p>Elam portrayed Doctor Nikolas Van Helsing, a "crazed <a class="extiw" href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/proctologist" title="wikt:Special:Search/proctologist">proctologist</a>", in the 1981 <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Action_comedy" title="Action comedy">action-comedy</a> film <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Cannonball_Run" title="The Cannonball Run">The Cannonball Run</a></i>; and three years later, he reprised the role for the production's sequel, <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannonball_Run_II" title="Cannonball Run II">Cannonball Run II</a></i>. Elam then played the character Charlie Hankins, a <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcoholic" title="Alcoholic">town drunk</a>, in the 1986 "<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weird_West" title="Weird West">Weird Western</a>" picture <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Aurora_Encounter" title="The Aurora Encounter">The Aurora Encounter</a></i>. During production, Elam developed what would become a lifelong relationship with an 11-year-old boy in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a> named <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mickey_Hays" title="Mickey Hays">Mickey Hays</a>, who suffered from <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progeria" title="Progeria">progeria</a>. The 1987 documentary <i><a class="new" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=I_Am_Not_a_Freak&action=edit&redlink=1" title="I Am Not a Freak (page does not exist)">I Am Not a Freak</a></i>
portrays the close friendship between Elam and Hays. Elam, in what may
be an apocryphal quote, said, "You know I've met a lot of people, but
I've never met anybody that got next to me like Mickey."
</p><p>In 1986, Elam also co-starred on the short-lived comedy series <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Easy_Street_(TV_series)" title="Easy Street (TV series)">Easy Street</a></i> as Alvin "Bully" Stevenson, the down-on-his-luck uncle of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loni_Anderson" title="Loni Anderson">Loni Anderson</a>'s character, L. K. McGuire. In 1988, Elam co-starred with Willie Nelson in the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Television_film" title="Television film">made-for-television</a> movie <i><a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Where_The_Hell%27s_That_Gold%3F" title="Where The Hell's That Gold?">Where The Hell's That Gold?</a></i>
</p><p>In 1994, Elam was inducted into the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hall_of_Great_Western_Performers" title="Hall of Great Western Performers">Hall of Great Western Performers</a> of the National Cowboy and Western Heritage Museum in <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oklahoma_City,_OK" title="Oklahoma City, OK">Oklahoma City, OK</a>.</p><p>Elam was married twice, first to Jean Louise Hodgert from 1937 until her death from <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colorectal_cancer" title="Colorectal cancer">colon cancer</a> on January 24, 1961. Seven months later, in August 1961, Elam married again, then to Margaret M. Jennison. The couple remained together for 42 years, until 2003, when Jack died of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heart_failure" title="Heart failure">congestive heart failure</a> at their home in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashland,_Oregon" title="Ashland, Oregon">Ashland, Oregon</a>. Wikipedia</p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgrBEKJkB1CHldgDNm6P69eg9XJIzlDc9zaBhiq_iZFOAc-P7R_iS_kUn1yxRODQvWj6m-cjZ-nGvb3EWaz1DYtZ0FL1wuAUdBOc8JH_ZdmMAKhdwWrr21TDrNmJPqz44kHBoQCN4-Y8s-TYA4EZDtGx3U43RgevzJ7THcIVlgm-1gVL_U_smz3jqZckEI/s3172/Relationship_%20Edward%20ROCKSTEIN%20to%20William%20Scott%20Elam.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3172" data-original-width="818" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgrBEKJkB1CHldgDNm6P69eg9XJIzlDc9zaBhiq_iZFOAc-P7R_iS_kUn1yxRODQvWj6m-cjZ-nGvb3EWaz1DYtZ0FL1wuAUdBOc8JH_ZdmMAKhdwWrr21TDrNmJPqz44kHBoQCN4-Y8s-TYA4EZDtGx3U43RgevzJ7THcIVlgm-1gVL_U_smz3jqZckEI/s16000/Relationship_%20Edward%20ROCKSTEIN%20to%20William%20Scott%20Elam.png" /></a></div><br /> <br /><p></p><p> </p><p> </p>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3238599334992481670.post-7759209698221688462023-11-01T17:43:00.001-07:002023-11-28T14:54:23.579-08:00Mona Freeman--Actress & Painter<p> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgMb_pL43UnOKMnlbyamYr9yvpK5KFWjNBJBveUOpRFXBjnVvtsXJD7VYiQ-MneXzLtNKhP51SS7zJT6XBcJ7RtcmuizOLv11F8AxtHkv-6DjONwDR3QXCKMLVSu1-VeM0NedvxEN-IBoFCBavN4MPxGmQec6oOBPjiCDH0jMDX8J6hv6HFFQEKP8HIqhc/s790/Mona%20Freeman.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="790" data-original-width="640" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgMb_pL43UnOKMnlbyamYr9yvpK5KFWjNBJBveUOpRFXBjnVvtsXJD7VYiQ-MneXzLtNKhP51SS7zJT6XBcJ7RtcmuizOLv11F8AxtHkv-6DjONwDR3QXCKMLVSu1-VeM0NedvxEN-IBoFCBavN4MPxGmQec6oOBPjiCDH0jMDX8J6hv6HFFQEKP8HIqhc/w162-h200/Mona%20Freeman.jpg" width="162" /></a></div><p><b> </b></p><p><b>Monica Elizabeth</b> "<b>Mona</b>" <b>Freeman</b> (June 9, 1926 – May 23, 2014) was an American actress and painter.</p><p>Freeman was born in <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baltimore,_Maryland" title="Baltimore, Maryland">Baltimore, Maryland</a>, and grew up in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pelham,_New_York" title="Pelham, New York">Pelham, New York</a>. A lumberman's daughter, she was a model while in high school, and was selected the first "<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miss_Subways" title="Miss Subways">Miss Subways</a>" of the <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_City_Transit_System" title="New York City Transit System">New York City transit system</a> in 1940</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paramount_Pictures" title="Paramount Pictures">Paramount Pictures</a> signed Freeman to a contract after she moved to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hollywood,_Los_Angeles" title="Hollywood, Los Angeles">Hollywood</a> She eventually signed a movie contract with <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Howard_Hughes" title="Howard Hughes">Howard Hughes</a>.
</p><p>Her contract was later sold to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paramount_Pictures" title="Paramount Pictures">Paramount Pictures</a>. Her first film appearance was in the 1944 film <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Till_We_Meet_Again_(1944_film)" title="Till We Meet Again (1944 film)">Till We Meet Again</a></i>. She became a popular teenage movie star. After a series of roles as a pretty, naive teenager, she complained of being typecast.
</p><p>As an adult, Freeman's career slowed and she appeared in mostly <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B-movies" title="B-movies">B-movies</a>, though an exception was her role in the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Film_noir" title="Film noir">film noir</a> <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angel_Face_(1953_film)" title="Angel Face (1953 film)">Angel Face</a></i> (1952). She also co-starred in the hit film <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jumping_Jacks" title="Jumping Jacks">Jumping Jacks</a></i> with the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_and_Lewis" title="Martin and Lewis">comedy team</a> of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dean_Martin" title="Dean Martin">Dean Martin</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerry_Lewis" title="Jerry Lewis">Jerry Lewis</a>.
</p><p>Freeman's appearances in films ended in the 1950s, but she
continued to work in television. Among her appearances were seven guest
roles on <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_United_States_Steel_Hour" title="The United States Steel Hour">The United States Steel Hour</a></i> from 1960 to 1962 and three on <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perry_Mason_(1957_TV_series)" title="Perry Mason (1957 TV series)">Perry Mason</a></i>,
all of them roles as Mason's client: Jane Wardman in "The Case of the
Lurid Letter" (1962), Rosanne Ambrose in "The Case of the Illicit
Illusion" (1964), and Ellen Payne in "The Case of the 12th Wildcat"
(1965). She appeared in two episodes of <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wanted_Dead_or_Alive_(TV_series)" title="Wanted Dead or Alive (TV series)">Wanted: Dead or Alive</a></i> starring <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_McQueen" title="Steve McQueen">Steve McQueen</a>
titled "The Fourth Headstone" (Season One, Episode 9, air date
11/1/1958) and "Breakout" (Season 2 Episode 4, aired 9/26/1959), and two
episodes of <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maverick_(TV_series)" title="Maverick (TV series)">Maverick</a></i> titled "The Cats of Paradise" (1959) and "Cruise of the Cynthia B." (1960), both starring <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Garner" title="James Garner">James Garner</a>, in which she played a recurring role as crazy-eyed swindler Modesty Blaine. She also appeared in an episode of <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riverboat_(TV_series)" title="Riverboat (TV series)">Riverboat</a></i> titled "The Boy from Pittsburgh" (1959) starring <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darren_McGavin" title="Darren McGavin">Darren McGavin</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burt_Reynolds" title="Burt Reynolds">Burt Reynolds</a>, an episode of <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Checkmate_(American_TV_series)" title="Checkmate (American TV series)">Checkmate</a></i> titled "Don't Believe a Word She Says" (1961) starring <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doug_McClure" title="Doug McClure">Doug McClure</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sebastian_Cabot_(actor)" title="Sebastian Cabot (actor)">Sebastian Cabot</a>, and an episode of <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Tall_Man_(TV_series)" title="The Tall Man (TV series)">The Tall Man</a></i> titled "Petticoat Crusade" (1961) starring <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barry_Sullivan_(American_actor)" title="Barry Sullivan (American actor)">Barry Sullivan</a> as <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pat_Garrett" title="Pat Garrett">Pat Garrett</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clu_Gulager" title="Clu Gulager">Clu Gulager</a> as <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billy_the_Kid" title="Billy the Kid">Billy the Kid</a>, along with numerous other <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leading_lady" title="Leading lady">leading lady</a> roles in various television series, including anthologies.
</p>Freeman was a portrait painter and concentrated on painting after
1961. Her best-known portrait is that of businesswoman Mary See,
founder of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/See%27s_Candies" title="See's Candies">See's Candies</a>.<p>Freeman married Pat Nerney, a car dealer, in Los Angeles in 1945. The couple had one daughter, Mona. They divorced in 1952. In 1961, she married H. Jack Ellis, a businessman from Los Angeles.
</p><p>Freeman died on May 23, 2014, at the age of 87 after a long illness, at her <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beverly_Hills" title="Beverly Hills">Beverly Hills</a> home. Wikipedia</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg20DskEp59k1dulAHGv_R4HD-VYJvHDkXH20OTHfN-UlGgLefVXeiQ-Bnn2bp5-_qGE4WK3LQ5i_KGFkPnqadiJN3b5u1PZ5AgccSTn9hpH5F-i71naN_Z4EE7QvpTpH06sf3rzaf4jLD-JgRQOXNdg-qOt-AjbVaDlTF66nxSr3tm6O-SqRUxtMPs_7Y/s2115/Relationship_%20Edward%20ROCKSTEIN%20to%20Monica%20Elizabeth%20Freeman.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2115" data-original-width="818" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg20DskEp59k1dulAHGv_R4HD-VYJvHDkXH20OTHfN-UlGgLefVXeiQ-Bnn2bp5-_qGE4WK3LQ5i_KGFkPnqadiJN3b5u1PZ5AgccSTn9hpH5F-i71naN_Z4EE7QvpTpH06sf3rzaf4jLD-JgRQOXNdg-qOt-AjbVaDlTF66nxSr3tm6O-SqRUxtMPs_7Y/s16000/Relationship_%20Edward%20ROCKSTEIN%20to%20Monica%20Elizabeth%20Freeman.png" /></a></div><br /><p><br /></p>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3238599334992481670.post-59037928643260831582023-10-28T20:18:00.002-07:002023-10-28T21:16:39.741-07:00James Randi "The Amazing Randi"-- born Randall James Hamilton Zwinge<p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEibtCI3MNGWgivoOyvLLpeXy2B13PJYatpTvv56ixPI7-z79r2XvUohn0aPxyE035RSv0oSFlMpYR_EBiR4W23Wc6R71TRuhHa1mJDFsxt_sxV9VwMlWML40v0g_iglnOCMwxYc4q8tepg8eWtHAXcOBbWSroZChK0aFyYdE8UvUyUZC3EWem47s8h5nrk/s850/James%20Randi.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="567" data-original-width="850" height="133" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEibtCI3MNGWgivoOyvLLpeXy2B13PJYatpTvv56ixPI7-z79r2XvUohn0aPxyE035RSv0oSFlMpYR_EBiR4W23Wc6R71TRuhHa1mJDFsxt_sxV9VwMlWML40v0g_iglnOCMwxYc4q8tepg8eWtHAXcOBbWSroZChK0aFyYdE8UvUyUZC3EWem47s8h5nrk/w200-h133/James%20Randi.jpg" width="200" /></a></div><br /> <p></p><p><b>James Randi</b> (born <b>Randall James Hamilton Zwinge</b>; August 7, 1928 – October 20, 2020) was a Canadian-American <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stage_magician" title="Stage magician">stage magician</a>, author and <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_skeptic" title="Scientific skeptic">scientific skeptic</a> who extensively challenged <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paranormal" title="Paranormal">paranormal</a> and <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudoscientific" title="Pseudoscientific">pseudoscientific</a> claims He was the co-founder of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Committee_for_Skeptical_Inquiry" title="Committee for Skeptical Inquiry">Committee for Skeptical Inquiry</a> (CSI), and founder of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Randi_Educational_Foundation" title="James Randi Educational Foundation">James Randi Educational Foundation</a> (JREF). Randi began his career as a magician under the stage name <b>The Amazing Randi</b> and later chose to devote most of his time to investigating paranormal, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occult" title="Occult">occult</a>, and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supernatural" title="Supernatural">supernatural</a> claims. Randi retired from practicing magic at age 60, and from his foundation at 87.
</p><p>Although often referred to as a "<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Debunker" title="Debunker">debunker</a>", Randi said he disliked the term's connotations and preferred to describe himself as an "investigator". He wrote about paranormal phenomena, skepticism, and the history of magic. He was a frequent guest on <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Tonight_Show_Starring_Johnny_Carson" title="The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson">The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson</a></i>, famously exposing fraudulent <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faith_healer" title="Faith healer">faith healer</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Popoff" title="Peter Popoff">Peter Popoff</a>, and was occasionally featured on the television program <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penn_%26_Teller:_Bullshit!" title="Penn & Teller: Bullshit!">Penn & Teller: Bullshit!</a></i>
</p><p>Before Randi's retirement, JREF sponsored the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/One_Million_Dollar_Paranormal_Challenge" title="One Million Dollar Paranormal Challenge">One Million Dollar Paranormal Challenge</a>, which offered a prize of one million <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">US dollars</a>
to eligible applicants who could demonstrate evidence of any
paranormal, supernatural, or occult power or event under test conditions
agreed to by both parties.</p><p>Randi was born on August 7, 1928, in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toronto" title="Toronto">Toronto</a>, Canada. He was the son of Marie Alice (<i>née</i>
Paradis; 1906–1987) and George Randall Zwinge (1903–1967), an executive
at Bell Telephone Company. He was of French, Danish and Austrian
descent. He had a younger brother and sister. He took up <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magic_(illusion)" title="Magic (illusion)">magic</a> after seeing <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_Blackstone_Sr." title="Harry Blackstone Sr.">Harry Blackstone Sr.</a> and reading conjuring books while spending 13 months in a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orthopedic_cast" title="Orthopedic cast">body cast</a> following a bicycle accident. He confounded doctors, who expected he would never walk again. He often skipped classes, and at 17, dropped out of high school to perform as a conjurer in a carnival roadshow. He practiced as a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mentalism" title="Mentalism">mentalist</a> in local nightclubs and at Toronto's <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian_National_Exhibition" title="Canadian National Exhibition">Canadian National Exhibition</a> and wrote for <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal">Montreal</a>'s tabloid press.
As a teenager, he stumbled upon a church where the pastor claimed to
read minds. After he re-enacted the trick before the parishioners, the
pastor's wife called the police and he spent four hours in a jail cell.
This inspired his career as a scientific skeptic.
</p><p>In his 20s, Randi posed as an <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrologer" title="Astrologer">astrologer</a>, and to establish that they merely were doing simple tricks, he briefly wrote an astrological column in the Canadian tabloid <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Globe_(tabloid)" title="Globe (tabloid)">Midnight</a></i> under the name "Zo-ran" by simply shuffling up items from newspaper astrology columns and pasting them randomly into a column. In his 30s, Randi worked in the UK, Europe, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippine</a> nightclubs, and Japan.
He witnessed many tricks that were presented as being supernatural. One
of his earliest reported experiences was that of seeing an <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangelism" title="Evangelism">evangelist</a> using a version of the "<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billet_reading" title="Billet reading">one-ahead</a>" technique to convince churchgoers of his <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Divinity" title="Divinity">divine</a> powers.</p><p>Although defining himself as a conjuror, Randi began a career as a professional stage magician and <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escapologist" title="Escapologist">escapologist</a>
in 1946. He initially presented himself under his real name, Randall
Zwinge, which he later dropped in favor of "The Amazing Randi". Early in
his career, he performed numerous escape acts from jail cells and safes
around the world. On February 7, 1956, he appeared live on <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NBC" title="NBC">NBC</a>'s <i><a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Today_(U.S._TV_program)" title="Today (U.S. TV program)">Today</a></i>
show, where he remained for 104 minutes in a sealed metal coffin that
had been submerged in a hotel swimming pool, breaking what was said to
be <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_Houdini" title="Harry Houdini">Harry Houdini</a>'s
record of 93 minutes, though Randi called attention to the fact that he
was much younger than Houdini had been when he established the original
record in 1926.
</p><p>Randi was a frequent guest on the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long_John_Nebel" title="Long John Nebel">Long John Nebel</a> program on New York City radio station <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WOR_(AM)" title="WOR (AM)">WOR</a>, and did character voices for commercials.<sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 31:00"> </span></sup> After Nebel moved to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WFAN_(AM)" title="WFAN (AM)">WNBC</a> in 1962, Randi was given Nebel's time slot on WOR, where he hosted <i>The Amazing Randi Show</i> from 1967 to 1968. The show often had guests who defended paranormal claims, among them Randi's then-friend <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_W._Moseley" title="James W. Moseley">James W. Moseley</a>.
Randi stated that he quit WOR over complaints from the archbishop of
New York that Randi had said on-air that "Jesus Christ was a religious
nut," a claim that Randi disputed.<sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 35:00"> </span></sup>
</p><p>Randi also hosted numerous television specials and went on
several world tours. As "The Amazing Randi" he appeared regularly on the
New York-based children's television series <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wonderama" title="Wonderama">Wonderama</a></i> from 1959 to 1967. In 1970, he auditioned for a revival of the 1950s children's show <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Magic_Clown" title="The Magic Clown">The Magic Clown</a></i>, which showed briefly in Detroit and in Kenya, but was never picked up. In the February 2, 1974, issue of the British conjuring magazine <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goodliffe%27s_Abracadabra" title="Goodliffe's Abracadabra">Abracadabra</a></i>,
Randi, in defining the community of magicians, stated: "I know of no
calling which depends so much upon mutual trust and faith as does ours."
In the December 2003 issue of <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Linking_Ring" title="The Linking Ring">The Linking Ring</a></i>, the monthly publication of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Brotherhood_of_Magicians" title="International Brotherhood of Magicians">International Brotherhood of Magicians</a>,
it is stated: "Perhaps Randi's ethics are what make him Amazing" and
"The Amazing Randi not only talks the talk, he walks the walk."
</p><p>During <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alice_Cooper" title="Alice Cooper">Alice Cooper</a>'s 1973–1974 <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billion_Dollar_Babies_tour" title="Billion Dollar Babies tour">Billion Dollar Babies tour</a>, Randi performed on stage both as a mad dentist and as Cooper's executioner. He also built several of the stage props, including the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guillotine_(magic_trick)" title="Guillotine (magic trick)">guillotine</a>. In a 1976 performance for the Canadian TV special <i>World of Wizards</i>, Randi escaped from a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Straitjacket" title="Straitjacket">straitjacket</a> while suspended upside-down over <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niagara_Falls" title="Niagara Falls">Niagara Falls</a>.
</p><p>Randi has been accused of actually using "psychic powers" to perform acts such as <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spoon_bending" title="Spoon bending">spoon bending</a>. According to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Alcock" title="James Alcock">James Alcock</a>, at a meeting where Randi was duplicating the performances of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uri_Geller" title="Uri Geller">Uri Geller</a>, a professor from the <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_at_Buffalo,_The_State_University_of_New_York" title="University at Buffalo, The State University of New York">University at Buffalo</a>
shouted out that Randi was a fraud. Randi said: "Yes, indeed, I'm a
trickster, I'm a cheat, I'm a charlatan, that's what I do for a living.
Everything I've done here was by trickery." The professor shouted back:
"That's not what I mean. You're a fraud because you're pretending to do
these things through trickery, but you're actually using psychic powers
and misleading us by not admitting it." A similar event involved Senator <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claiborne_Pell" title="Claiborne Pell">Claiborne Pell</a>,
a confirmed believer in psychic phenomena. When Randi personally
demonstrated to Pell that he could reveal—by simple trickery—a concealed
drawing that had been secretly made by the senator, Pell refused to
believe that it was a trick, saying: "I think Randi may be a psychic and
doesn't realize it." Randi consistently denied having any paranormal
powers or abilities.
</p>Randi was a member of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Society_of_American_Magicians" title="Society of American Magicians">Society of American Magicians</a> (SAM), the International Brotherhood of Magicians (IBM), and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Magic_Circle_(organisation)" title="The Magic Circle (organisation)">The Magic Circle</a> in the UK, holding the rank of "Member of the Inner Magic Circle with Gold Star."<p>Randi wrote ten books, among them <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conjuring_(book)" title="Conjuring (book)">Conjuring</a></i> (1992), a biographical history of prominent magicians. The book is subtitled <i>Being
a Definitive History of the Venerable Arts of Sorcery,
Prestidigitation, Wizardry, Deception, & Chicanery and of the
Mountebanks & Scoundrels Who have Perpetrated these Subterfuges on a
Bewildered Public, in short, MAGIC!</i> The book's cover indicates it
is by "James Randi, Esq., A Contrite Rascal Once Dedicated to these
Wicked Practices but Now Almost Totally Reformed". The book features the
most influential magicians and tells some of their history, often in
the context of strange deaths and careers on the road. This work
expanded on Randi's second book, <i>Houdini, His Life and Art</i>. This illustrated work was published in 1976 and was co-authored with <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bert_Sugar" title="Bert Sugar">Bert Sugar</a>. It focuses on the professional and private life of Houdini.
</p><p>Randi's book, <i>The Magic World of the Amazing Randi</i> (1989),
was intended as a children's introduction to magic tricks. In addition
to his magic books, he wrote several educational works about paranormal
and pseudoscientific claims. These include biographies of Uri Geller and
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nostradamus" title="Nostradamus">Nostradamus</a>, as well as reference material on other major paranormal figures. In 2011, he was working on <i>A Magician in the Laboratory</i>, which recounted his application of skepticism to science. He was a member of the all-male literary banqueting club the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trap_Door_Spiders" title="Trap Door Spiders">Trap Door Spiders</a>, which served as the basis of his friend <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Asimov" title="Isaac Asimov">Isaac Asimov</a>'s fictional group of mystery solvers, the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Widowers" title="Black Widowers">Black Widowers</a>.
</p><p>Other books by Randi include <i><a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flim-Flam!_Psychics,_ESP,_Unicorns,_and_Other_Delusions" title="Flim-Flam! Psychics, ESP, Unicorns, and Other Delusions">Flim-Flam!</a></i> (1982), <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Faith_Healers" title="The Faith Healers">The Faith Healers</a></i> (1987), <i>James Randi, Psychic Investigator</i> (1991), <i>Test Your ESP Potential</i> (1982) and <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Encyclopedia_of_Claims,_Frauds,_and_Hoaxes_of_the_Occult_and_Supernatural" title="An Encyclopedia of Claims, Frauds, and Hoaxes of the Occult and Supernatural">An Encyclopedia of Claims, Frauds, and Hoaxes of the Occult and Supernatural</a></i> (1995).
</p><p>Randi was a regular contributor to <i><a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skeptic_(U.S._magazine)" title="Skeptic (U.S. magazine)">Skeptic</a></i> magazine, penning the "'Twas Brillig ..." column, and also served on its editorial board. He was a frequent contributor to <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skeptical_Inquirer" title="Skeptical Inquirer">Skeptical Inquirer</a></i> magazine, published by the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Committee_for_Skeptical_Inquiry" title="Committee for Skeptical Inquiry">Committee for Skeptical Inquiry</a>, of which he was also a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fellow" title="Fellow">fellow</a>.</p><p>Randi gained the international spotlight in 1972 when he publicly challenged the claims of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uri_Geller" title="Uri Geller">Uri Geller</a>. He accused Geller of being nothing more than a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charlatan" title="Charlatan">charlatan</a>
and a fraud who used standard magic tricks to accomplish his allegedly
paranormal feats, and he presented his claims in the book <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Truth_About_Uri_Geller" title="The Truth About Uri Geller">The Truth About Uri Geller</a></i> (1982).
</p><p>Believing that it was important to get columnists and TV personalities to challenge Geller and others like him, Randi and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Committee_for_Skeptical_Inquiry" title="Committee for Skeptical Inquiry">CSICOP</a>
reached out in an attempt to educate them. Randi said that CSICOP had a
"very substantial influence on the printed media ... in those days." During this effort, Randi made contact with <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnny_Carson" title="Johnny Carson">Johnny Carson</a> and discovered that he was "very much on our side. He wasn't only a comedian ... he was a great thinker."<sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 21:15"> </span></sup> According to Randi, when he was on <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Tonight_Show_Starring_Johnny_Carson" title="The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson">The Tonight Show</a></i>,
Carson broke his usual protocol of not talking with guests before their
entrance on stage, but instead would ask what Randi wanted to be
emphasized in the interview. "He wanted to be aware of how he could help
me."<sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 21:30"> </span></sup>
</p><p>In 1973, Geller appeared on <i>The Tonight Show</i>, and this appearance is recounted in the <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nova_(American_TV_program)" title="Nova (American TV program)">Nova</a></i> documentary "<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secrets_of_the_Psychics" title="Secrets of the Psychics">Secrets of the Psychics</a>".
</p><p>In the documentary, Randi says that Carson "had been a magician himself and was skeptical" of Geller's claimed <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paranormal" title="Paranormal">paranormal</a>
powers, so before the date of taping, Randi was asked "to help prevent
any trickery". Per Randi's advice, the show prepared its own props
without informing Geller, and did not let Geller or his staff "anywhere
near them". When Geller joined Carson on stage, he appeared surprised
that he was not going to be interviewed, but instead was expected to
display his abilities using the provided articles. Geller said "This
scares me" and "I'm surprised because before this program your producer
came and he read me at least 40 questions you were going to ask me."
Geller was unable to display any paranormal abilities, saying "I don't
feel strong" and expressing his displeasure at feeling like he was being
"pressed" to perform by Carson. According to Adam Higginbotham's November 7, 2014 article in <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>
</p>
<blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The result was a legendary
immolation, in which Geller offered up flustered excuses to his host as
his abilities failed him again and again. "I sat there for 22 minutes,
humiliated," Geller told me, when I spoke to him in September. "I went
back to my hotel, devastated. I was about to pack up the next day and go
back to Tel Aviv. I thought, That's it—I'm destroyed."</p></blockquote>
<p>However, this appearance on <i>The Tonight Show</i>, which Carson and Randi had orchestrated to debunk Geller's claimed abilities, backfired. According to Higginbotham:<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-scientific_skeptic1_4-2"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Randi#cite_note-scientific_skeptic1-4">[4]</a></sup>
</p>
<blockquote class="templatequote"><p>To Geller's astonishment, he was immediately booked on <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Merv_Griffin_Show" title="The Merv Griffin Show">The Merv Griffin Show</a></i>.
He was on his way to becoming a paranormal superstar. "That Johnny
Carson show made Uri Geller," Geller said. To an enthusiastically
trusting public, his failure only made his gifts seem more real: if he
were performing magic tricks, they would surely work every time.</p></blockquote>
<p>According to Higginbotham, this result caused Randi to realize that
much more must be done to stop Geller and those like him. So in 1976,
Randi approached <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_Hyman" title="Ray Hyman">Ray Hyman</a>,
a psychologist who had observed the tests of Geller's ability at
Stanford and thought them slipshod, and suggested they create an
organization dedicated to combating pseudoscience. Later that same year,
together with <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Gardner" title="Martin Gardner">Martin Gardner</a>, a <i>Scientific American</i> columnist whose writing had helped hone Hyman's and Randi's skepticism, they formed the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Committee_for_Skeptical_Inquiry" title="Committee for Skeptical Inquiry">Committee for Scientific Investigation of Claims of the Paranormal</a> (CSICOP).
</p><p>Using donations and sales of their magazine, <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skeptical_Inquirer" title="Skeptical Inquirer">Skeptical Inquirer</a></i>, they and secular humanist philosopher <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Kurtz" title="Paul Kurtz">Paul Kurtz</a> took seats on the executive board, with <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Asimov" title="Isaac Asimov">Isaac Asimov</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Sagan" title="Carl Sagan">Carl Sagan</a>
joining as founding members. Randi travelled the world on behalf of
CSICOP, becoming its public face, and according to Hyman, the face of
the skeptical movement.
</p><p>András G. Pintér, producer and co-host of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Skeptics_Podcast" title="European Skeptics Podcast">European Skeptics Podcast</a>,
called Randi the grandfather of European skepticism by virtue of Randi
"playing a role in kickstarting several European organizations."
</p><p>Geller sued Randi and CSICOP for $15 million in 1991 and lost. Geller's suit against CSICOP was thrown out in 1995, and he was ordered to pay $120,000 for filing a frivolous lawsuit. The legal costs Randi incurred used almost all of a $272,000 <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MacArthur_Foundation" title="MacArthur Foundation">MacArthur Foundation</a> grant awarded to Randi in 1986 for his work. Randi also dismissed Geller's claims that he was capable of the kind of <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nensha" title="Nensha">psychic photography</a> associated with the case of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ted_Serios" title="Ted Serios">Ted Serios</a>. It is a matter, Randi argued, of trick photography using a simple hand-held optical device.
During the period of Geller's legal dispute, CSICOP's leadership,
wanting to avoid becoming a target of Geller's litigation, demanded that
Randi refrain from commenting on Geller. Randi refused and resigned,
though he maintained a respectful relationship with the group, which in
2006 changed its name to the Committee for Skeptical Inquiry (CSI). In
2010, Randi was one of 16 new CSI fellows elected by its board.
</p><p>Randi went on to write many articles criticizing beliefs and claims regarding the paranormal. He also demonstrated flaws in studies suggesting the existence of paranormal phenomena; in his <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_Alpha_(hoax)" title="Project Alpha (hoax)">Project Alpha</a> hoax, Randi successfully planted two fake psychics in a privately funded psychic research experiment.
</p><p>Randi appeared on numerous TV shows, sometimes to directly debunk
the claimed abilities of fellow guests. In a 1981 appearance on <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/That%27s_My_Line" title="That's My Line">That's My Line</a></i>, Randi appeared opposite claimed psychic <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Hydrick" title="James Hydrick">James Hydrick</a>,
who said that he could move objects with his mind and appeared to
demonstrate this claim on live television by turning a page in a
telephone book without touching it. Randi, having determined that Hydrick was surreptitiously blowing on the book, arranged <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foam_peanut" title="Foam peanut">foam packaging peanuts</a>
on the table in front of the telephone book for the demonstration. This
prevented Hydrick from demonstrating his abilities, which would have
been exposed when the blowing moved the packaging. Randi writes that, eventually, Hydrick "confessed everything".
</p>
<p>Randi was awarded a <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_D._and_Catherine_T._MacArthur_Foundation" title="John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation">MacArthur Foundation</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MacArthur_Fellows_Program" title="MacArthur Fellows Program">Fellowship</a> in 1986. The fellowship's five-year $272,000 grant helped support Randi's investigations of faith healers, including <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W._V._Grant" title="W. V. Grant">W. V. Grant</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest_Angley" title="Ernest Angley">Ernest Angley</a>, and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Popoff" title="Peter Popoff">Peter Popoff</a>, whom Randi first exposed on <i>The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson</i>
in February 1986. Hearing about his investigation of Popoff, Carson
invited Randi onto his show without seeing the evidence he was going to
reveal. Carson appeared stunned after Randi showed a brief video segment
from one of Popoff's broadcasts showing him calling out a woman in the
audience, revealed personal information about her that he claimed came
from God, and then performed a laying-on-of-hands healing to drive the
devil from her body. Randi then replayed the video, but with some of the
sound dubbed in that he and his investigating team captured during the
event using a radio scanner and recorder. Their scanner had detected the
radio frequency Popoff's wife Elizabeth was using backstage to
broadcast directions and information to a miniature radio receiver
hidden in Popoff's left ear. That information had been gathered by
Popoff's assistants, who had handed out "prayer cards" to the audience
before the show, instructing them to write down all the information
Popoff would need to pray for them<sup>.</sup>
</p><p>The news coverage generated by Randi's exposé on <i>The Tonight Show</i> led to many TV stations dropping Popoff's show, eventually forcing him into bankruptcy in September 1987.
However, the televangelist returned soon after with faith-healing
infomercials that reportedly attracted more than $23 million in 2005
from viewers sending in money for promised healing and prosperity. The
Canadian Centre for Inquiry's <i>Think Again! TV</i> documented one of Popoff's more recent performances before a large audience who gathered in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toronto" title="Toronto">Toronto</a> on May 26, 2011, hoping to be saved from illness and poverty.
</p><p>In February 1988, Randi tested the gullibility of the media by perpetrating a hoax of his own. By teaming up with Australia's <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/60_Minutes_(Australian_TV_program)" title="60 Minutes (Australian TV program)">60 Minutes</a></i> program and by releasing a fake press package, he built up publicity for a "<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mediumship" title="Mediumship">spirit channeler</a>" named Carlos,
who was actually artist José Alvarez, Randi's partner. While performing
as Carlos, Alvarez was prompted by Randi using sophisticated radio
equipment. According to the <i>60 Minutes</i> program on the Carlos
hoax, "it was claimed that Alvarez would not have had the audience he
did at the Opera House (and the resulting potential sales therefrom) had
the media coverage been more aggressive (and factual)", though an
analysis by <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_Skeptics" title="Australian Skeptics">The Skeptic</a></i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left: 0.1em;">'</span>s
Tim Mendham concluded that, while the media coverage of Alvarez's
appearances was not credulous, the hoax "at least showed that they could
benefit by being a touch more sceptical". The hoax was exposed on <i>60 Minutes Australia</i>; "Carlos" and Randi explained how they had pulled it off.
</p><p>In his book <i>The Faith Healers</i>, Randi wrote that his anger and relentlessness arose from compassion for the victims of fraud. Randi was also critical of <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jo%C3%A3o_de_Deus_(medium)" title="João de Deus (medium)">João de Deus</a>, a.k.a. "John of God", a self-proclaimed <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychic_surgery" title="Psychic surgery">psychic surgeon</a> who had received international attention.
Randi observed, referring to psychic surgery, "To any experienced
conjurer, the methods by which these seeming miracles are produced are
very obvious."</p><p>In 1982, Randi verified the abilities of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Lintgen" title="Arthur Lintgen">Arthur Lintgen</a>, a Philadelphia doctor, who was able to identify the classical music recorded on a <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gramophone_record" title="Gramophone record">vinyl LP</a>
solely by examining the grooves on the record. However, Lintgen did not
claim to have any paranormal ability, merely knowledge of the way that
the groove forms patterns on particular recordings.
</p><p>In 1988, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Maddox" title="John Maddox">John Maddox</a>, editor of the prominent science journal <i>Nature</i>, asked Randi to join the supervision and observation of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homeopathy" title="Homeopathy">homeopathy</a> experiments conducted by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Benveniste" title="Jacques Benveniste">Jacques Benveniste</a>'s team. Once Randi's stricter protocol for the experiment was in place, the positive results could not be reproduced.
</p>
<figure class="mw-default-size"><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
<p>Randi stated that <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Dunglas_Home" title="Daniel Dunglas Home">Daniel Dunglas Home</a>,
who could allegedly play an accordion that was locked in a cage without
touching it, was caught cheating on a few occasions, but the incidents
were never made public. He also stated that the actual instrument in use
was a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harmonica" title="Harmonica">one-octave mouth organ</a> concealed under Home's large mustache and that other one-octave mouth organs were found in Home's belongings after his death. According to Randi, author <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Lindsay_Gresham" title="William Lindsay Gresham">William Lindsay Gresham</a> told Randi "around 1960" that he had seen these mouth organs in the Home collection at the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Society_for_Psychical_Research" title="Society for Psychical Research">Society for Psychical Research</a>
(SPR). Eric J. Dingwall, who catalogued Home's collection on its
arrival at the SPR does not record the presence of the mouth organs.
According to Peter Lamont, the author of an extensive Home biography,
"It is unlikely Dingwall would have missed these or did not make them
public." The fraudulent medium <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Slade" title="Henry Slade">Henry Slade</a> also played an accordion while held with one hand under a table. Slade and Home played the same pieces. They had at one time lived near each other in the U.S. The magician <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chung_Ling_Soo" title="Chung Ling Soo">Chung Ling Soo</a> exposed how Slade had performed the trick.
</p><p>Randi distinguished between <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudoscience" title="Pseudoscience">pseudoscience</a> and "crackpot science". He regarded most of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parapsychology" title="Parapsychology">parapsychology</a>
as pseudoscience because of the way in which it is approached and
conducted, but nonetheless saw it as a legitimate subject that "should
be pursued", and from which real scientific discoveries may develop. Randi regarded crackpot science as "equally wrong" as pseudoscience, but with no scientific pretensions<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-OzNtJ_79-0"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Randi#cite_note-OzNtJ-79">]</a></sup>
</p><p>Despite multiple debunkings, Randi did not like to be called a
"debunker", preferring to call himself a "skeptic" or an "investigator":
</p>
<blockquote class="templatequote"><p>(...) if you go into a situation
calling yourself a debunker then it is as if you have prejudged the
topic. It's not neutral or scientific, and it can turn people against
you.</p></blockquote>
<p>Skeptics and magicians <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penn_%26_Teller" title="Penn & Teller">Penn & Teller</a> credit Randi and his career as a skeptic for their own careers. During an interview at <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Amazing_Meeting" title="The Amazing Meeting">TAM! 2012</a>, Penn stated that <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flim-Flam!" title="Flim-Flam!">Flim-Flam!</a></i> was an early influence on him, and said "If not for Randi there would not be Penn & Teller as we are today."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Penn_80-0"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Randi#cite_note-Penn-80">[78]</a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 1:40">: 1:40 </span></sup> He went on to say "Outside of my family ... no one is more important in my life. Randi is everything to me."
</p><p>At the <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NECSS" title="NECSS">NECSS</a> skeptic conference in 2017, Randi was asked by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Hrab" title="George Hrab">George Hrab</a>
what a "'skeptic coming of age ceremony' would look like" and Randi
talked about what it was like as a child to learn about the speed of
light and how that felt like he was looking into the past. Randi stated
"More kids need to be stunned".
</p><p>At <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Amaz!ng_Meeting" title="The Amaz!ng Meeting">The Amaz!ng Meeting</a> in 2011 (TAM 9) the <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independent_Investigations_Group" title="Independent Investigations Group">Independent Investigations Group</a>
(IIG) organized a tribute to Randi. The group gathered together with
other attendees, put on fake white beards, and posed for a large group
photo with Randi. At the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CSICon" title="CSICon">CSICon</a>
in 2017, in absence of Randi, the IIG organized another group photo
with leftover beards from the 2011 photo. After Randi was sent the
photo, he replied, "I'm always very touched by any such expression. This
is certainly no exception. You have my sincere gratitude. I suspect,
however that a couple of those beards were fake. But I'm in a forgiving
mood at the moment. I'm frankly very touched. I'll see you at the next
CSICon. Thank you all."
</p><p>In a 2019 <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skeptical_Inquirer" title="Skeptical Inquirer">Skeptical Inquirer</a></i> magazine article, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harriet_Hall" title="Harriet Hall">Harriet Hall</a>, a friend of Randi, compares him to the fictional <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albus_Dumbledore" title="Albus Dumbledore">Albus Dumbledore</a>.
Hall describes their long white beards, flamboyant clothing, associated
with a bird (Dumbledore with a phoenix and Randi with Pegasus). They
both are caring and have "immense brainpower" and both "can perform
impressive feats of magic". She states that Randi is one of "major
inspirations for the skeptical work I do ... He's way better than
Dumbledore!".
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Exploring_Psychic_Powers_..._Live_television_show"><i>Exploring Psychic Powers ... Live</i> television show</span></h3><p><i>Exploring Psychic Powers ... Live</i>
was a two-hour television special aired live on June 7, 1989, wherein
Randi examined several people claiming psychic powers. Hosted by actor <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Bixby" title="Bill Bixby">Bill Bixby</a>, the program offered $100,000 (Randi's $10,000 prize plus $90,000 put up by the show's <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broadcast_syndication" title="Broadcast syndication">syndicator</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lexington_Broadcast_Services_Company" title="Lexington Broadcast Services Company">LBS Communications, Inc.</a><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-6jiX6_84-0"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Randi#cite_note-6jiX6-84">[82]</a></sup>) to anyone who could demonstrate genuine psychic powers.
</p>
<ul><li>An <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrologer" title="Astrologer">astrologer</a>, Joseph Meriwether, claimed that he was able to ascertain a person's <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrological_sign" title="Astrological sign">astrological sign</a>
after talking with them for a few minutes. He was presented with twelve
people, one at a time, each with a different astrological sign. They
could not tell Meriwether their astrological sign or birth date, nor
could they wear anything that would indicate it. After Meriwether talked
to them, he had them go and sit in front of the astrological sign that
he thought was theirs. By agreement, Meriwether needed to get ten of the
12 correct, to win. He got none correct.</li><li>The next psychic, Barbara Martin, claimed to be able to read <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aura_(paranormal)" title="Aura (paranormal)">auras</a>
around people, claiming that auras were visible at least five inches
above each person. She selected ten people from a group of volunteers
who she said had clearly visible auras. On stage were erected ten
screens, numbered <i>1</i> through <i>10</i>, just tall enough to hide
the volunteer while not hiding their aura. Unseen by Martin, some of the
volunteers positioned themselves behind different screens, then she was
invited to predict which screens hid volunteers by seeing their aura
above. She stated that she saw an aura over all ten screens, but people
were behind only four of the screens.</li><li>A <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dowsing" title="Dowsing">dowser</a>,
Forrest Bayes, claimed that he could detect water in a bottle inside a
sealed cardboard box. He was shown twenty boxes and asked to indicate
which boxes contained a water bottle. He selected eight of the boxes,
which he said contained water, but it turned out that only five of the
twenty contained water. Of the eight selected boxes, only one was
revealed to contain water and one contained sand. It was not revealed
whether any of the remaining six boxes contained water.</li><li>A <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychometry_(paranormal)" title="Psychometry (paranormal)">psychometric psychic</a>,
Sharon McLaren-Straz, claimed to be able to receive personal
information about the owner of an object by handling the object itself.
In order to avoid ambiguous statements, the psychic agreed to be
presented with both a watch and a key from each of twelve different
people. She was to match keys and watches to their owners. According to
the prior agreement, she had to match at least nine out of the twelve
sets, but she succeeded in only two.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Bau2020_86-1"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Randi#cite_note-Bau2020-86">[84]</a></sup></li><li>Professional crystal healer Valerie Swan attempted to use <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extrasensory_perception" title="Extrasensory perception">ESP</a> to identify 250 <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zener_cards" title="Zener cards">Zener cards</a>,
guessing which of the five symbols was on each one. Random guessing
should have resulted in about fifty correct guesses, so it was agreed in
advance that Swan had to be right on at least eighty-two cards in order
to demonstrate an ability greater than chance. However, she was able to
get only fifty predictions correct, which is no better than random
guessing.</li></ul><p>Randi's parents were members of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglican_Church_of_Canada" title="Anglican Church of Canada">Anglican Church</a> but rarely attended services. He attended <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunday_school" title="Sunday school">Sunday school</a> at St. Cuthbert's Church in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toronto" title="Toronto">Toronto</a>
a few times as a child, but he independently decided to stop going
after receiving no answer to his request for proof of the teachings of
the Church.
</p><p>In his essay "Why I Deny Religion, How Silly and Fantastic It Is, and Why I'm a Dedicated and Vociferous <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brights_movement" title="Brights movement">Bright</a>", Randi, who identified himself as an <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atheist" title="Atheist">atheist</a>, opined that many accounts in religious texts, including the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virgin_birth_of_Jesus" title="Virgin birth of Jesus">virgin birth</a>, the miracles of Jesus Christ, and the <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parting_of_the_Red_Sea" title="Parting of the Red Sea">parting of the Red Sea</a> by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moses" title="Moses">Moses</a>, are not believable. Randi refers to the <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_(mother_of_Jesus)" title="Mary (mother of Jesus)">Virgin Mary</a>
as being "impregnated by a ghost of some sort, and as a result produced
a son who could walk on water, raise the dead, turn water into wine,
and multiply loaves of bread and fishes" and questions how <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_and_Eve" title="Adam and Eve">Adam and Eve</a>'s family "managed to populate the Earth without committing incest". He wrote that, compared to the Bible, "<i><a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Wonderful_Wizard_Of_Oz" title="The Wonderful Wizard Of Oz">The Wizard of Oz</a></i> is more believable. And much more fun.
</p><p>Clarifying his view of atheism, Randi wrote "I've said it before:
there are two sorts of atheists. One sort claims that there is no
deity, the other claims that there is no evidence that proves the
existence of a deity; I belong to the latter group, because if I were to
claim that no god exists, I would have to produce evidence to establish
that claim, and I cannot. Religious persons have by far the easier
position; they say they believe in a deity because that's their
preference, and they've read it in a book. That's their right."
</p><p>In <i>An Encyclopedia of Claims, Frauds, and Hoaxes of the Occult and Supernatural</i> (1995), he examines various spiritual practices skeptically. Of the meditation techniques of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prem_Rawat" title="Prem Rawat">Guru Maharaj Ji</a>, he writes "Only the very naive were convinced that they had been let in on some sort of celestial secret." In 2003, he was one of the signers of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanism_and_Its_Aspirations" title="Humanism and Its Aspirations">Humanist Manifesto</a>.
</p><p>In a discussion with <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kendrick_Frazier" title="Kendrick Frazier">Kendrick Frazier</a> at <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CSICon" title="CSICon">CSICon</a>
2016, Randi stated "I think that a belief in a deity is ... an
unprovable claim ... and a rather ridiculous claim. It is an easy way
out to explain things to which we have no answer."<sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 7:05"> </span></sup>
He then<u> summarized </u>his current concern with religious belief as
follows: "A belief in a god is one of the most damaging things that
infests humanity at this particular moment in history. It may improve,
and I see signs that it may be improving, and I'll leave it at that.</p><p>When Randi hosted his own radio show in the 1960s, he lived in a small house in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumson,_New_Jersey" title="Rumson, New Jersey">Rumson, New Jersey</a>, that featured a sign on the premises that read: "Randi—Charlatan".
</p><p>In the 1970s and 80s, Randi supported seven <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foster_child" title="Foster child">foster children</a>
</p><p>In 1987, Randi became a <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naturalized_citizen" title="Naturalized citizen">naturalized citizen</a> of the United States.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-7deHF_151-0"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Randi#cite_note-7deHF-151">[148]</a></sup>
Randi said that one reason he became an American citizen was an
incident while he was on tour with Alice Cooper, during which the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Canadian_Mounted_Police" title="Royal Canadian Mounted Police">Royal Canadian Mounted Police</a> searched the band's lockers during a performance, completely ransacking the room, but finding nothing illegal.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-VALL5_152-0"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Randi#cite_note-VALL5-152">[149]</a></sup>
</p><p>In February 2006, Randi underwent <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronary_artery_bypass_surgery" title="Coronary artery bypass surgery">coronary artery bypass surgery</a>.The weekly commentary updates to his Web site were made by guests while he was hospitalized. Randi recovered after his surgery and was able to help organize and attend The Amaz!ng Meeting in 2007 in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Las_Vegas_Valley" title="Las Vegas Valley">Las Vegas, Nevada</a>, his annual convention of scientists, magicians, skeptics, atheists and freethinkers.
</p><p>Randi was diagnosed with <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colorectal_cancer" title="Colorectal cancer">colorectal cancer</a> in June 2009. He had a series of small <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neoplasm" title="Neoplasm">tumors</a> removed from his <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_gastrointestinal_tract" title="Human gastrointestinal tract">intestines</a> during <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laparoscopic_surgery" title="Laparoscopic surgery">laparoscopic surgery</a>. He announced the diagnosis a week later at The Amaz!ng Meeting 7, as well as the fact that he was scheduled to begin <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemotherapy" title="Chemotherapy">chemotherapy</a> in the following weeks.
He also said at the conference: "One day, I'm gonna die. That's all
there is to it. Hey, it's too bad, but I've got to make room. I'm using a
lot of oxygen and such—I think it's good use of oxygen myself, but of
course, I'm a little prejudiced on the matter."
</p><p>Randi underwent his final chemotherapy session in December 2009,
later saying that his chemotherapy experience was not so unpleasant as
he had imagined it might be. In a video posted in April 2010, Randi stated that he had been given a clean bill of health.
</p><p>In a 2010 blog entry, Randi <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coming_out" title="Coming out">came out</a> as <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homosexuality" title="Homosexuality">gay</a>, a move he said was inspired by seeing the 2008 biographical drama film <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milk_(2008_American_film)" title="Milk (2008 American film)">Milk</a></i>.
</p><p>Randi married <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venezuelans" title="Venezuelans">Venezuelan</a>
artist José Alvarez (born Deyvi Orangel Peña Arteaga) on July 2, 2013,
in Washington, D.C. In 1986, Randi met Alvarez in a Fort Lauderdale
public library, having recently moved to Florida. Alvarez, who was then
known as Peña, had left his native land in fear of his life after being
threatened for being homosexual. The alias Peña used, Jose Alvarez, was
already an actual person in the United States. The identity confusion
caused the real Alvarez some legal and financial difficulties. Peña was
arrested for identity theft and faced deportation. They resided in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plantation,_Florida" title="Plantation, Florida">Plantation, Florida</a>.
</p><p>In the 1993 documentary <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secrets_of_the_Psychics" title="Secrets of the Psychics">Secrets of the Psychics</a></i>,
Randi stated, "I've never involved myself in narcotics of any kind; I
don't smoke; I don't drink, because that can easily just fuzz the edges
of my rationality, fuzz the edges of my reasoning powers, and I want to
be as aware as I possibly can. That means giving up a lot of fantasies
that might be comforting in some ways, but I'm willing to give that up
in order to live in an actually real world, as close as I can get to
it".
</p><p>In a video released in October 2017, Randi revealed that he had
recently suffered a minor stroke, and that he was under medical advice
not to travel during his recovery, so would be unable to attend <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CSICon" title="CSICon">CSICon</a> 2017 in Las Vegas later that month.
</p><p>Randi died at his home on October 20, 2020, at the age of 92. The James Randi Educational Foundation attributed his death to "age-related causes". The <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Center_for_Inquiry" title="Center for Inquiry">Center for Inquiry</a> said that Randi "was the public face of skeptical inquiry, bringing a sense of fun and mischievousness to a serious mission. Wikipedi</p><p> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj7h8zmsdGx5IMk0C196-ELVc-cvr2HfHm1clTccnKVTWuRkzyTwhNdiBcqbDdav_FbfI8skWgEUwFR8OffLf6KL6urB1IEx2Z7oj85kPMuxEEu9i6hyphenhyphen7YzgEDvTRnQA4CmC7Lf75xgcQmoa7jXOnfAvNOmqnxeqmoD_sC_hBm5Sa8pFiSlVZGxW4DZLVE/s3172/Relationship_%20Ed%20ROCKSTEIN%20to%20Randall%20James%20Hamilton%20Zwinge.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3172" data-original-width="818" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj7h8zmsdGx5IMk0C196-ELVc-cvr2HfHm1clTccnKVTWuRkzyTwhNdiBcqbDdav_FbfI8skWgEUwFR8OffLf6KL6urB1IEx2Z7oj85kPMuxEEu9i6hyphenhyphen7YzgEDvTRnQA4CmC7Lf75xgcQmoa7jXOnfAvNOmqnxeqmoD_sC_hBm5Sa8pFiSlVZGxW4DZLVE/s16000/Relationship_%20Ed%20ROCKSTEIN%20to%20Randall%20James%20Hamilton%20Zwinge.png" /></a></div><br />Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3238599334992481670.post-42060268937186957652023-10-22T14:24:00.001-07:002023-10-22T14:24:12.450-07:00Lois Nettleton -- Star of Radio, Television, Film, Stage, and Voice Acting<p> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgBfnK59MWbgh7av4tnl54EpUA8vr7oQHsHYGb_7euF0Gj-7b7qD71LP84kdO2AnYGfKdFOXwfec2ZJMSddJOvXvyDI-uarlAhgOp6hOSouYNCXACtTOAqUITLZXRY9khqvpqAZlylv_xkabew2KW0zpa2g8_NrUyDnVwJSHOJmVUPDJNgZqCMwvlst2S8/s400/Lois%20Nettleton.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="299" data-original-width="400" height="149" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgBfnK59MWbgh7av4tnl54EpUA8vr7oQHsHYGb_7euF0Gj-7b7qD71LP84kdO2AnYGfKdFOXwfec2ZJMSddJOvXvyDI-uarlAhgOp6hOSouYNCXACtTOAqUITLZXRY9khqvpqAZlylv_xkabew2KW0zpa2g8_NrUyDnVwJSHOJmVUPDJNgZqCMwvlst2S8/w200-h149/Lois%20Nettleton.jpg" width="200" /> </a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> </div><b>Lois June Nettleton</b> (August 16, 1927 – January 18, 2008) was an American film, stage, radio and television actress. She received three <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primetime_Emmy_Award" title="Primetime Emmy Award">Primetime Emmy Award</a> nominations and won two <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daytime_Emmy_Award" title="Daytime Emmy Award">Daytime Emmy Awards</a>. <p></p><p>Lois Nettleton was born on August 16, 1927, in Oak Park, Illinois, to
Virginia and Edward L. Nettleton. She was also raised by her maternal
aunt's family. She attended <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senn_High_School" title="Senn High School">Senn High School</a>, where she was a classmate of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lee_Stern" title="">Lee Stern</a>, and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Theatre_School_at_DePaul_University" title="The Theatre School at DePaul University">Goodman School of Drama</a> at the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_Institute_of_Chicago" title="Art Institute of Chicago">Art Institute of Chicago</a>. She was crowned Miss Chicago of 1948 and became a semifinalist at the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miss_America_1948" title="Miss America 1948">Miss America 1948</a> pageant. After performing to favorable reviews with <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geraldine_Page" title="Geraldine Page">Geraldine Page</a>
in repertory theatre at the New Lake Zurich Playhouse in 1946 and with
the Woodstock Players the following year, her professional acting career
began in 1949. She understudied <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbara_Bel_Geddes" title="Barbara Bel Geddes">Barbara Bel Geddes</a> in the original Broadway production of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tennessee_Williams" title="Tennessee Williams">Tennessee Williams</a>' <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat_on_a_Hot_Tin_Roof" title="Cat on a Hot Tin Roof">Cat on a Hot Tin Roof</a></i> and appeared on television in a production of "Flowers from a Stranger" on Westinghouse <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Studio_One_(American_TV_series)" title="Studio One (American TV series)"><i>Studio One</i></a> on the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CBS" title="CBS">CBS</a> network in 1949. </p><p>Nettleton played Patsy in the soap opera <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Brighter_Day" title="The Brighter Day">The Brighter Day</a></i></p><p>Nettleton performed in many guest-starring roles on television shows, including <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Twilight_Zone_(1959_TV_series)" title="The Twilight Zone (1959 TV series)"><i>The Twilight Zone</i></a> (episode <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Midnight_Sun_(The_Twilight_Zone)" title="The Midnight Sun (The Twilight Zone)">"The Midnight Sun</a>", 1961), <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naked_City_(TV_series)" title="Naked City (TV series)"><i>Naked City</i></a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Route_66_(TV_series)" title="Route 66 (TV series)"><i>Route 66</i></a>, <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mr._Novak" title="Mr. Novak">Mr. Novak</a></i>, <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_The_Alfred_Hitchcock_Hour_episodes" title="List of The Alfred Hitchcock Hour episodes"><i>The Alfred Hitchcock Hour</i></a> (episode "The Dark Pool", 1963), <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Eleventh_Hour_(1962_TV_series)" title="The Eleventh Hour (1962 TV series)"><i>The Eleventh Hour</i></a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hawaii_Five-O_(1968_TV_series)" title="Hawaii Five-O (1968 TV series)"><i>Hawaii Five-O</i></a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dr._Kildare#Television" title="Dr. Kildare"><i>Dr. Kildare</i></a>, <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twelve_O%27Clock_High_(TV_series)" title="Twelve O'Clock High (TV series)"><i>Twelve O'Clock High</i></a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Fugitive_(1963_TV_series)" title="The Fugitive (1963 TV series)"><i>The Fugitive</i></a>, <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_F.B.I._(TV_series)" title="The F.B.I. (TV series)">The F.B.I.</a></i>, <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannon_(TV_series)" title="Cannon (TV series)">Cannon</a></i>, <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonanza" title="Bonanza">Bonanza</a></i>, <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gunsmoke" title="Gunsmoke">Gunsmoke</a></i>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Virginian_(TV_series)" title="The Virginian (TV series)"><i>The Virginian</i></a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Boone_(1964_TV_series)" title="Daniel Boone (1964 TV series)"><i>Daniel Boone</i></a>. In 1973, she appeared on <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Mary_Tyler_Moore_Show" title="The Mary Tyler Moore Show">The Mary Tyler Moore Show</a></i> as <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lou_Grant" title="Lou Grant">Lou Grant</a>'s boss. She appeared in the pilot episode of <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Eddie_Capra_Mysteries" title="The Eddie Capra Mysteries">The Eddie Capra Mysteries</a></i> in 1978 and in hit TV miniseries such as <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington:_Behind_Closed_Doors" title="Washington: Behind Closed Doors">Washington: Behind Closed Doors</a></i> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centennial_(miniseries)" title="Centennial (miniseries)"><i>Centennial</i></a>. In 1987, Nettleton portrayed Penny Vanderhof Sycamore on the TV series version of the Kaufman and Hart comedy play <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/You_Can%27t_Take_It_with_You_(TV_series)" title="You Can't Take It with You (TV series)">You Can't Take It with You</a></i> with <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_Morgan" title="Harry Morgan">Harry Morgan</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Sanders_(actor)" title="Richard Sanders (actor)">Richard Sanders</a>.
</p><p>Nettleton was a regular celebrity guest on various versions of the game show <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyramid_(game_show)" title="Pyramid (game show)"><i>Pyramid</i></a> from the 1970s through 1991.
</p><p>She won two <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmy_Award" title="Emmy Award">Emmy Awards</a> during her career. The first was for her role as <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan_B._Anthony" title="Susan B. Anthony">Susan B. Anthony</a> in the television film <i>The American Woman: Profiles in Courage</i> (1977), and the second for "A Gun for Mandy" (1983), an episode of the religious anthology <i>Insight</i>. She received an Emmy Award nomination for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Comedy Series for the <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Golden_Girls" title="The Golden Girls">Golden Girls</a></i> episode "<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isn%27t_It_Romantic%3F_(The_Golden_Girls)" title="Isn't It Romantic? (The Golden Girls)">Isn't It Romantic?</a>". She also received Emmy nominations for her work in the TV movie <i>Fear on Trial</i> (1975) (Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Miniseries or Special) and for a recurring role in the series <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/In_the_Heat_of_the_Night_(TV_series)" title="In the Heat of the Night (TV series)"><i>In the Heat of the Night</i></a> in 1989 (Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series). Nettleton appeared in a 2006 Christmas TV movie special titled <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Christmas_Card" title="The Christmas Card">The Christmas Card</a></i>. </p><p> Nettleton appeared in several Hollywood feature films. Her first prominent role came in <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Period_of_Adjustment_(film)" title="Period of Adjustment (film)">Period of Adjustment</a></i> (1962), an adaptation of a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tennessee_Williams" title="Tennessee Williams">Tennessee Williams</a> play, as a woman in a troubled marriage. </p><p>A lifetime member of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Actors_Studio" title="Actors Studio">Actors Studio</a>, Nettleton made her Broadway debut in the 1949 production of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dalton_Trumbo" title="Dalton Trumbo">Dalton Trumbo</a>'s play <i>The Biggest Thief in Town</i>. She appeared in a short-lived off-Broadway production of <i>Look Charlie</i>, which was written by her future husband, humorist <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Shepherd" title="Jean Shepherd">Jean Shepherd</a>. It opened for three performances in late December 1958 and closed after several more the following February.
</p><p>Nettleton received critical praise for her performance as <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blanche_DuBois" title="Blanche DuBois">Blanche DuBois</a> in a 1973 revival of <i><a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Streetcar_Named_Desire_(play)" title="A Streetcar Named Desire (play)">A Streetcar Named Desire</a></i>. She was nominated for a <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony_Award" title="Tony Award">Tony Award</a> for her performance as Amy in a 1976 revival of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/They_Knew_What_They_Wanted_(play)" title="They Knew What They Wanted (play)"><i>They Knew What They Wanted</i></a>. Her other stage credits include Broadway productions of <i>Darkness at Noon</i> and <i>Silent Night, Lonely Night</i>. She continued to act on the stage into her seventies. Her final stage performance was in the 2004 off-Broadway play <i>How to Build a Better Tulip</i>. </p><p>Nettleton appeared in episodes of the <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CBS_Radio_Mystery_Theater" title="CBS Radio Mystery Theater">CBS Radio Mystery Theater</a></i>. In her later years, she performed voice roles as <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athena" title="Athena">Athena</a> in <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herc%27s_Adventures" title="Herc's Adventures">Herc's Adventures</a></i> and as <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maleficent" title="Maleficent">Maleficent</a> in <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Mouse" title="House of Mouse">House of Mouse</a></i> and <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mickey%27s_House_of_Villains" title="Mickey's House of Villains">Mickey's House of Villains</a></i>. </p><p>Nettleton was the first caller to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Shepherd" title="Jean Shepherd">Jean Shepherd</a>'s late-night radio program on <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WOR_(AM)" title="WOR (AM)">WOR</a>,
later becoming his third wife. She was a regular guest, known to the
audience as "the listener." They married on December 3, 1960, in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarrytown,_New_York" title="Tarrytown, New York">Tarrytown, New York</a> but divorced in 1967. She never remarried and never had any children.
Nettleton made her last public appearance in August 2007 at a <i>Twilight Zone</i> convention in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hasbrouck_Heights,_New_Jersey" title="Hasbrouck Heights, New Jersey">Hasbrouck Heights, New Jersey</a>. On January 18, 2008, she died in <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woodland_Hills,_California" title="Woodland Hills, California">Woodland Hills, California</a>, at the age of 80 from a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain_tumor" title="Brain tumor">brain tumor</a>. She was interred at New York City's <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Raymond%27s_Cemetery,_Bronx" title="Saint Raymond's Cemetery, Bronx">Saint Raymond's Cemetery</a>. Wikipedia </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhjpuKyi8uh8a3YmkzTi49Qonz2zI_ldVOf8btG9Wdk4p0WfGUOgans5b4f_i4Rct4zxIekfAVkIaIaD8pGhyAWTkkivv7YxDq44_XzAboCwlvBPCUt3BhuBOirBK1Ll_qCbV3oioH-irTvEFSFbozz12zrH09RUbnBy04C-Ye_3t7SdLcWfizHRfeRO34/s2115/Relationship_%20Edward%20ROCKSTEIN%20to%20Lois%20June%20Nettleton.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2115" data-original-width="818" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhjpuKyi8uh8a3YmkzTi49Qonz2zI_ldVOf8btG9Wdk4p0WfGUOgans5b4f_i4Rct4zxIekfAVkIaIaD8pGhyAWTkkivv7YxDq44_XzAboCwlvBPCUt3BhuBOirBK1Ll_qCbV3oioH-irTvEFSFbozz12zrH09RUbnBy04C-Ye_3t7SdLcWfizHRfeRO34/s16000/Relationship_%20Edward%20ROCKSTEIN%20to%20Lois%20June%20Nettleton.png" /></a></div><br /><p><br /></p><p> </p><p> </p><p><i> </i></p>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3238599334992481670.post-72272589863092902112023-10-21T17:28:00.000-07:002023-10-21T17:28:35.800-07:00Geraldine Page -- Summer and Smoke<p> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh3_z46oorP1qKEIR7nuRAxuByIthTHQsLrFzd87O4Kf5MWrg5RmOAzlJgUCeD0XAATJ9QdwGTTrWI3S6VMKq9cHZc3gYYoU4t66ENChQRvmh7nlw7Qy2mFYg0oPGUmkgIDEwgQUD8gczRV7YEOXydnX06LXszzF9EXGvOwWZLXpqRk6LD6ENchaSzI5RA/s725/Geraldine%20Page.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="725" data-original-width="500" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh3_z46oorP1qKEIR7nuRAxuByIthTHQsLrFzd87O4Kf5MWrg5RmOAzlJgUCeD0XAATJ9QdwGTTrWI3S6VMKq9cHZc3gYYoU4t66ENChQRvmh7nlw7Qy2mFYg0oPGUmkgIDEwgQUD8gczRV7YEOXydnX06LXszzF9EXGvOwWZLXpqRk6LD6ENchaSzI5RA/w138-h200/Geraldine%20Page.jpg" width="138" /></a></div><br /><p></p><p><b>Geraldine Sue Page</b> (November 22, 1924 – June 13, 1987) was an
American actress. With a career which spanned four decades across film,
stage, and television, Page was the recipient of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_Geraldine_Page" title="List of awards and nominations received by Geraldine Page">numerous accolades</a>, including an <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academy_Award" title="Academy Award">Academy Award</a>, a <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Academy_Film_Award" title="British Academy Film Award">British Academy Film Award</a>, two <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primetime_Emmy_Award" title="Primetime Emmy Award">Primetime Emmy Awards</a>, two <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_Globe_Awards" title="Golden Globe Awards">Golden Globe Awards</a>, and four nominations for the <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony_Award" title="Tony Award">Tony Award</a>.
</p><p>A native of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirksville,_Missouri" title="Kirksville, Missouri">Kirksville, Missouri</a>, Page studied at the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_Institute_of_Chicago" title="Art Institute of Chicago">Art Institute of Chicago</a> and with <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uta_Hagen" title="Uta Hagen">Uta Hagen</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lee_Strasberg" title="Lee Strasberg">Lee Strasberg</a> in New York City before being cast in her first credited part in the Western film <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hondo_(film)" title="Hondo (film)">Hondo</a></i> (1953), which earned her her first Academy Award nomination for <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Supporting_Actress" title="Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress">Best Supporting Actress</a>. During the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McCarthyism" title="McCarthyism">McCarthyism</a> era, she was <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hollywood_blacklist" title="Hollywood blacklist">blacklisted</a>
in Hollywood based on her association with Hagen and did not work in
film for eight years. Page continued to appear on television and on
stage and earned her first <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony_Award" title="Tony Award">Tony Award</a> nomination for her performance in <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweet_Bird_of_Youth" title="Sweet Bird of Youth">Sweet Bird of Youth</a></i> (1959–60), a role she reprised in the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweet_Bird_of_Youth_(1962_film)" title="Sweet Bird of Youth (1962 film)">1962 film adaptation</a>, the latter of which earned her a Golden Globe Award.
</p><p>She earned additional Academy Award nominations for her roles in <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Summer_and_Smoke_(film)" title="Summer and Smoke (film)">Summer and Smoke</a></i> (1961) (another <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_Globe_Award_for_Best_Actress_in_a_Motion_Picture_%E2%80%93_Drama" title="Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama">Golden Globe award for Best Actress - Drama</a>), <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/You%27re_a_Big_Boy_Now" title="You're a Big Boy Now">You're a Big Boy Now</a></i> (1966) and <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pete_%27n%27_Tillie" title="Pete 'n' Tillie">Pete 'n' Tillie</a></i> (1972), followed by a Tony nomination for her performance in the stage production of <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Absurd_Person_Singular" title="Absurd Person Singular">Absurd Person Singular</a></i> (1974–75). Other film appearances during this time included in the thrillers <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/What_Ever_Happened_to_Aunt_Alice%3F" title="What Ever Happened to Aunt Alice?">What Ever Happened to Aunt Alice?</a></i> (1969) opposite <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruth_Gordon" title="Ruth Gordon">Ruth Gordon</a>, and <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beguiled_(1971_film)" title="The Beguiled (1971 film)">The Beguiled</a></i> (1971) opposite <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clint_Eastwood" title="Clint Eastwood">Clint Eastwood</a>. In 1977, she provided the voice of Madam Medusa in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walt_Disney_Animation_Studios" title="Walt Disney Animation Studios">Walt Disney</a>'s <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Rescuers" title="The Rescuers">The Rescuers</a></i>, followed by a role in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woody_Allen" title="Woody Allen">Woody Allen</a>'s <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interiors" title="Interiors">Interiors</a></i> (1978), which earned her a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BAFTA_Award_for_Best_Actress_in_a_Supporting_Role" title="BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role">BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role</a>.
</p><p>After being inducted into the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Theater_Hall_of_Fame" title="American Theater Hall of Fame">American Theater Hall of Fame</a> in 1979 for her stage work, Page returned to Broadway with a lead role in <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agnes_of_God" title="Agnes of God">Agnes of God</a></i> (1982), earning her third Tony Award nomination. Page was nominated for Academy Awards for her performances in <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Pope_of_Greenwich_Village" title="The Pope of Greenwich Village">The Pope of Greenwich Village</a></i> (1984) and <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Trip_to_Bountiful" title="The Trip to Bountiful">The Trip to Bountiful</a></i> (1985), the latter of which earned her the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Actress" title="Academy Award for Best Actress">Academy Award for Best Actress</a>. Page died in New York City in 1987 in the midst of a Broadway run of <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blithe_Spirit_(play)" title="Blithe Spirit (play)">Blithe Spirit</a></i>, for which she earned her fourth Tony Award nomination. </p><p>Page was born November 22, 1924, in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirksville,_Missouri" title="Kirksville, Missouri">Kirksville, Missouri</a>, the first child of Edna Pearl (née Maize) and Leon Elwin Page
who worked at Andrew Taylor Still College of Osteopathy and Surgery
(combined with the American School of Osteopathy, eventually to form <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A.T._Still_University" title="A.T. Still University">A.T. Still University</a>). He was an author whose works included <i>Practical Anatomy</i> (1925), <i>Osteopathic Fundamentals</i> (1926), and <i>The Old Doctor</i> (1932). She had one younger brother, Donald.
</p><p>At age five, Page relocated with her family to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChristensenFoleyKremer1999590_1-1"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geraldine_Page#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChristensenFoleyKremer1999590-1">[1]</a></sup> Raised a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methodism" title="Methodism">Methodist</a>
by her mother, Page was an active parishioner of the Englewood
Methodist Church in Chicago, where she had her first foray into acting
within the church's theatre group, appearing in a play called Excuse My
Dust, then playing Jo March in a 1941 production of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louisa_May_Alcott" title="Louisa May Alcott">Louisa May Alcott</a>'s <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Little_Women" title="Little Women">Little Women</a></i>. After graduating from Chicago's <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Englewood_Technical_Prep_Academy" title="Englewood Technical Prep Academy">Englewood Technical Prep Academy</a>, she attended the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Theatre_School_at_DePaul_University" title="The Theatre School at DePaul University">Goodman School of Drama</a> at the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_Institute_of_Chicago" title="Art Institute of Chicago">Art Institute of Chicago</a> (now at <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DePaul_University" title="DePaul University">DePaul University</a>),
with the intention of becoming an actress. Page had aspirations of
becoming a pianist or visual artist, but at 17 she appeared in her first
amateur theatre production, and from that point, she never wavered from
her desire to be a professional actress.
</p><p>After graduating from the Art Institute of Chicago in 1945, Page studied acting at the Herbert Berghof School and the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Theatre_Wing" title="American Theatre Wing">American Theatre Wing</a> in New York City, studying with <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uta_Hagen" title="Uta Hagen">Uta Hagen</a> for seven years, and then at the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Actors_Studio" title="Actors Studio">Actors Studio</a> with <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lee_Strasberg" title="Lee Strasberg">Lee Strasberg</a>. During this time, Page would return to Chicago in the summers to perform in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repertory_theatre" title="Repertory theatre">repertory theatre</a> in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_Zurich,_Illinois" title="Lake Zurich, Illinois">Lake Zurich, Illinois</a>, where she and several fellow actors had established their own independent theater company.
She also spent two critically successful years performing with a winter
stock company called the Woodstock Players another group from Goodman
who performed mostly at the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woodstock_Opera_House" title="Woodstock Opera House">Woodstock Opera House</a> where she was singled out by critic <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claudia_Cassidy" title="Claudia Cassidy">Claudia Cassidy</a> of <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Chicago_Tribune" title="The Chicago Tribune">The Chicago Tribune</a>
as destined to be a star to bear watching. During that time she was
called "the lady with the thousand faces" for her ability to change her
looks and actions to an extent that her most devoted fans were unable to
recognize her.
While attempting to establish her career, she worked various odd jobs,
including as a hat-check girl, theater usher, lingerie model, and a
factory laborer.</p><p>Page was married to violinist <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Schneider" title="Alexander Schneider">Alexander Schneider</a> from 1954 to 1957. On September 8, 1963, she married actor <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rip_Torn" title="Rip Torn">Rip Torn</a>, who was six years her junior, in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinal,_Arizona" title="Pinal, Arizona">Pinal, Arizona</a>. They had played opposite one another in <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweet_Bird_of_Youth" title="Sweet Bird of Youth">Sweet Bird of Youth</a></i> on Broadway and in the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweet_Bird_of_Youth_(1962_film)" title="Sweet Bird of Youth (1962 film)">1962 film</a>. They had three children: a daughter, actress <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angelica_Page" title="Angelica Page">Angelica Page</a>, and twin sons, Anthony "Tony" and Jonathan "Jon" Torn.
</p><p>Beginning in the early 1980s, Page and Torn lived separately after he started dating actress <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amy_Wright" title="Amy Wright">Amy Wright</a>; Torn had first met Wright in 1976 and began an affair shortly after. Page was aware of Torn and Wright's relationship, and appeared onstage opposite Wright in the 1977 Off-Broadway production of <i>The Stronger</i>, under Torn's direction. In 1983, Torn fathered a child with Wright. Upon the birth of the child, Page was questioned about her marriage by columnist <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cindy_Adams" title="Cindy Adams">Cindy Adams</a>,
to which she responded: "Of course Rip and I are still married. We've
been married for years. We're staying married. What's the big fuss?"
In spite of their separation, Page and Torn remained married until her
death; her daughter described their relationship as still "close" up
until Page died in 1987.
</p><p>Page considered herself a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foodie" title="Foodie">gourmand</a>,
once joking: "Greedy gut is my middle name...Rip is wonderful. He does
the cooking and I do the eating. I love everything but eggplant."</p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjLuMdZmllfHO-vZOjamQl8WigkIe5RiQb6IBLDG5ERQzJT1T-7-4fzmqKV48MGLFXCnAEu9IPzYyzXToSamDg6JQfsovWtfVlBUr4sCKX6KB3p1fSATACFw2s1BOHSBjZ7cdsfqngTDCZpooPvJR4yKl1L6YPuBSYrVoNSLw2Jjq940T9JlkHFIr3CYyM/s3172/Relationship_%20Edward%20ROCKSTEIN%20to%20Geraldine%20Sue%20Page.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3172" data-original-width="818" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjLuMdZmllfHO-vZOjamQl8WigkIe5RiQb6IBLDG5ERQzJT1T-7-4fzmqKV48MGLFXCnAEu9IPzYyzXToSamDg6JQfsovWtfVlBUr4sCKX6KB3p1fSATACFw2s1BOHSBjZ7cdsfqngTDCZpooPvJR4yKl1L6YPuBSYrVoNSLw2Jjq940T9JlkHFIr3CYyM/s16000/Relationship_%20Edward%20ROCKSTEIN%20to%20Geraldine%20Sue%20Page.png" /></a></div><br /> <p></p><p> </p><p> </p>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3238599334992481670.post-19449719547176795002023-09-11T13:07:00.001-07:002023-09-11T13:07:57.654-07:00Dick Clark--American Bandstand<p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiq6jPCJzLr21lsUJ0Rab8158WPGKHz1QNmCk5GFrM0dBiJNTo5Tt-3n_zsFmT8Hi-ywumoPVVQMp46mdDyiz4E1cfN8jwhr33V2H8kmovv0STsMI6OdzWYgOYWTQXP8eNmxKSnu4227WoEWKYdE07uvbLj4gKWDro3PBJ_aSpg6j3CXlCSwuqo1Q0tVho/s1600/Dick-Clark-American-3066648656.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1084" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiq6jPCJzLr21lsUJ0Rab8158WPGKHz1QNmCk5GFrM0dBiJNTo5Tt-3n_zsFmT8Hi-ywumoPVVQMp46mdDyiz4E1cfN8jwhr33V2H8kmovv0STsMI6OdzWYgOYWTQXP8eNmxKSnu4227WoEWKYdE07uvbLj4gKWDro3PBJ_aSpg6j3CXlCSwuqo1Q0tVho/w136-h200/Dick-Clark-American-3066648656.jpg" width="136" /></a></div><br /> <b>Richard Wagstaff Clark</b>
(November 30, 1929 – April 18, 2012) was an American television and
radio personality, television producer and film actor, as well as a
cultural icon who remains best known for hosting <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Bandstand" title="American Bandstand">American Bandstand</a></i> from 1956 to 1989. He also hosted five incarnations of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyramid_(game_show)" title="Pyramid (game show)"><i>Pyramid</i> game show</a> from 1973 to 1988 and <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dick_Clark%27s_New_Year%27s_Rockin%27_Eve" title="Dick Clark's New Year's Rockin' Eve">Dick Clark's New Year's Rockin' Eve</a></i>, which transmitted New Year's Eve celebrations in New York City's <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Times_Square" title="Times Square">Times Square</a>.
<p></p><p>As host of <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Bandstand" title="American Bandstand">American Bandstand</a></i>, Clark introduced <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_and_roll" title="Rock and roll">rock and roll</a> to many Americans. The show gave many new music artists their first exposure to national audiences, including <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ike_%26_Tina_Turner" title="Ike & Tina Turner">Ike & Tina Turner</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Miracles" title="The Miracles">Smokey Robinson and the Miracles</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stevie_Wonder" title="Stevie Wonder">Stevie Wonder</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simon_%26_Garfunkel" title="Simon & Garfunkel">Simon & Garfunkel</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iggy_Pop" title="Iggy Pop">Iggy Pop</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_(musician)" title="Prince (musician)">Prince</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talking_Heads" title="Talking Heads">Talking Heads</a>, and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madonna" title="Madonna">Madonna</a>.
Episodes he hosted were among the first in which black people and white
people performed on the same stage, and they were among the first in
which the live studio audience sat down together without <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racial_segregation" title="Racial segregation">racial segregation</a>. Singer <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Anka" title="Paul Anka">Paul Anka</a> claimed that <i>Bandstand</i> was responsible for creating a "<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youth_culture" title="Youth culture">youth culture</a>". Due to his perennially youthful appearance and his largely teenaged audience of <i>American Bandstand</i>, Clark was often referred to as "America's oldest teenager" or "the world's oldest teenager".
</p><p>In his off-stage roles, Clark served as chief executive officer of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dick_Clark_Productions" title="Dick Clark Productions">Dick Clark Productions</a> company (though he sold his financial interest in the company during his later years). He also founded the <i>American Bandstand Diner,</i> a restaurant chain modeled after the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hard_Rock_Cafe" title="Hard Rock Cafe">Hard Rock Cafe</a>. In 1973, he created and produced the annual <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Music_Awards" title="American Music Awards">American Music Awards</a> show, similar to the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammy_Awards" title="Grammy Awards">Grammy Awards</a>.</p><p>Clark was born in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronxville,_New_York" title="Bronxville, New York">Bronxville, New York</a>, and raised in neighboring <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Vernon,_New_York" title="Mount Vernon, New York">Mount Vernon</a>, the second child of Richard Augustus Clark and Julia Fuller Clark, née Barnard. His only sibling, elder brother Bradley, a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P-47_Thunderbolt" title="P-47 Thunderbolt">P-47 Thunderbolt</a> pilot, was killed in the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_the_Bulge" title="Battle of the Bulge">Battle of the Bulge</a>.
</p><p>Clark attended Mount Vernon's A.B. Davis High School (later renamed A.B. Davis Middle School), where he was an average student. At the age of 10, Clark decided to pursue a career in radio. In pursuit of that goal, he attended <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syracuse_University" title="Syracuse University">Syracuse University</a>, graduating in 1951 with a degree in advertising and a minor in radio. While at Syracuse, he was a member of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delta_Kappa_Epsilon" title="Delta Kappa Epsilon">Delta Kappa Epsilon</a> fraternity (Phi Gamma).</p><p>In 1945, Clark began his career working in the mailroom at <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WUTI" title="WUTI">WRUN</a>, an <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AM_broadcasting" title="AM broadcasting">AM</a> radio station in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utica,_New_York" title="Utica, New York">Utica, New York</a>,
that was owned by his uncle and managed by his father. Almost
immediately, he was asked to fill in for the vacationing weatherman and,
within a few months, he was announcing station breaks.
</p><p>While attending Syracuse, Clark worked at <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WOLF_(AM)" title="WOLF (AM)">WOLF-AM</a>, then a country music station. After graduation, he returned to WRUN for a short time where he went by the name Dick Clay. After that, Clark got a job at the television station <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WKTV" title="WKTV">WKTV</a> in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utica,_New_York" title="Utica, New York">Utica, New York</a>. His first television-hosting job was on <i>Cactus Dick and the Santa Fe Riders</i>, a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Country_music" title="Country music">country-music</a> program. He later replaced <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Earle" title="Robert Earle">Robert Earle</a> (who later hosted the <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/College_Bowl" title="College Bowl">GE College Bowl</a></i>) as a newscaster.
</p><p>In addition to his announcing duties on radio and television,
Clark owned several radio stations. From 1964 to 1978, he owned KPRO
(now <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KFOO_(AM)" title="KFOO (AM)">KFOO</a>) in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riverside,_California" title="Riverside, California">Riverside, California</a> under the name Progress Broadcasting. In 1967, he purchased KGUD-AM-FM (now <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KTMS" title="KTMS">KTMS</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KTYD" title="KTYD">KTYD</a> respectively) in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa_Barbara,_California" title="Santa Barbara, California">Santa Barbara, California</a>.</p><p>In 1952, Clark moved to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drexel_Hill,_Pennsylvania" title="Drexel Hill, Pennsylvania">Drexel Hill, Pennsylvania</a>, a suburb of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a>, where he took a job as a disc jockey at radio station <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WFIL" title="WFIL">WFIL</a>, adopting the Dick Clark handle. WFIL had an affiliated television station (now <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WPVI-TV" title="WPVI-TV">WPVI</a>) with the same <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Call_sign" title="Call sign">call sign</a>, which began broadcasting a show called <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Horn_(broadcaster)" title="Bob Horn (broadcaster)">Bob Horn</a>'s Bandstand</i>
in 1952. Clark was responsible for a similar program on the company's
radio station and served as a regular substitute host when Horn went on
vacation. In 1956, Horn was arrested for drunk driving and was subsequently dismissed. On July 9, 1956, Clark became the show's permanent host.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-history_6-8"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dick_Clark#cite_note-history-6">[6]</a></sup>
</p><p><i>Bandstand</i> was picked up by the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Broadcasting_Company" title="American Broadcasting Company">ABC</a> television network, renamed <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Bandstand" title="American Bandstand">American Bandstand</a></i>, and debuted nationally on August 5, 1957.
The show took off, due to Clark's natural rapport with the live teenage
audience and dancing participants as well as the "clean-cut,
non-threatening image" he projected to television audiences. As a result, many parents were introduced to rock and roll music. According to Hollywood producer <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Uslan" title="Michael Uslan">Michael Uslan</a>, "he was able to use his unparalleled communication skills to present <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_%27n_roll" title="Rock 'n roll">rock 'n roll</a> in a way that was palatable to parents."
</p><p>In 1958, <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Dick_Clark_Show" title="The Dick Clark Show">The Dick Clark Show</a></i> was added to ABC's Saturday night lineup.
By the end of year, viewership exceeded 20 million, and featured
artists were "virtually guaranteed" large sales boosts after appearing. In a surprise television tribute to Clark in 1959 on <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/This_Is_Your_Life_(American_franchise)" title="This Is Your Life (American franchise)">This Is Your Life</a></i>, host <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ralph_Edwards" title="Ralph Edwards">Ralph Edwards</a> called him "America's youngest starmaker", and estimated the show had an audience of 50 million.
</p><p>Clark moved the show from Philadelphia to Los Angeles in 1964. The move was related to the popularity of new "surf" groups based in southern California, including <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beach_Boys" title="The Beach Boys">The Beach Boys</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan_and_Dean" title="Jan and Dean">Jan and Dean</a>. The show ran daily Monday through Friday until 1963, then weekly on Saturdays until 1988. <i>Bandstand</i> was briefly revived in 1989, with <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Hirsch_(television_personality)" title="David Hirsch (television personality)">David Hirsch</a>
taking over hosting duties. By the time of its cancellation, the show
had become the longest-running variety show in TV history.
</p><p>In the 1960s, the show's emphasis changed from merely playing
records to including live performers. During this period, many of the
leading rock bands and artists of the 1960s had their first exposure to
nationwide audiences. A few of the many artists introduced were <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ike_and_Tina_Turner" title="Ike and Tina Turner">Ike and Tina Turner</a>, <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smokey_Robinson_and_the_Miracles" title="Smokey Robinson and the Miracles">Smokey Robinson and the Miracles</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beach_Boys" title="The Beach Boys">The Beach Boys</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stevie_Wonder" title="Stevie Wonder">Stevie Wonder</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_(musician)" title="Prince (musician)">Prince</a>, <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simon_and_Garfunkel" title="Simon and Garfunkel">Simon and Garfunkel</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerry_Lee_Lewis" title="Jerry Lee Lewis">Jerry Lee Lewis</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddy_Holly" title="Buddy Holly">Buddy Holly</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bobby_Fuller" title="Bobby Fuller">Bobby Fuller</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnny_Cash" title="Johnny Cash">Johnny Cash</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sam_Cooke" title="Sam Cooke">Sam Cooke</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fats_Domino" title="Fats Domino">Fats Domino</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chubby_Checker" title="Chubby Checker">Chubby Checker</a>.
</p><p>During an interview with Clark by Henry Schipper of <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rolling_Stone" title="Rolling Stone">Rolling Stone</a></i> magazine in 1990, it was noted that "over two-thirds of the people who've been initiated into the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame" title="Rock and Roll Hall of Fame">Rock and Roll Hall of Fame</a> had their television debuts on <i>American Bandstand</i>, and the rest of them probably debuted on other shows [they] produced."
During the show's lifetime, it featured over 10,000 live performances,
many by artists who were unable to appear anywhere else on TV, as the
variety shows during much of this period were "antirock". Schipper points out that Clark's performers were shocking to general audiences:
</p>
<blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The music establishment, and the adults in general, really hated <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_and_roll" title="Rock and roll">rock and roll</a>. Politicians, ministers, older songwriters and musicians foamed at the mouth. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Sinatra" title="Frank Sinatra">Frank Sinatra</a> reportedly called Elvis Presley a "rancid-smelling aphrodisiac".</p></blockquote>
<p>Clark was therefore considered to have a negative influence on youth and was well aware of that impression held by most adults:
</p>
<blockquote class="templatequote"><p>I was roundly criticized for being
in and around rock and roll music at its inception. It was the devil's
music, it would make your teeth fall out and your hair turn blue,
whatever the hell. You get through that.</p></blockquote>
<p>In 2002, many of the bands he introduced appeared at the 50th anniversary special to celebrate <i>American Bandstand</i>. Clark noted during the special that <i>American Bandstand</i> was listed in the <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinness_Book_of_Records" title="Guinness Book of Records">Guinness Book of Records</a> as "the longest-running variety show in TV history." In 2010, <i>American Bandstand</i> and Clark himself were honored at the Daytime Emmy Awards. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hank_Ballard" title="Hank Ballard">Hank Ballard</a>, who wrote "The Twist", described Clark's popularity during the early years of <i>American Bandstand</i>:
</p>
<blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The man was big. He was the biggest thing in America at that time. He was bigger than the president!</p></blockquote>
<p>As a result of Clark's work on <i>Bandstand</i>, journalist Ann Oldenburg states "he deserves credit for doing something bigger than just putting on a show." <i>Los Angeles Times</i>
writer Geoff Boucher goes further, stating that "with the exception of
Elvis Presley, Clark was considered by many to be the person most
responsible for the bonfire spread of <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_%27n_roll" title="Rock 'n roll">rock 'n roll</a> across the country in the late 1950s", making Clark a "household name". He became a "primary force in legitimizing rock 'n' roll", adds Uslan. Clark, however, simplified his contribution:
</p>
<blockquote class="templatequote"><p>I played records, the kids danced, and America watched.</p></blockquote>
<p>Shortly after becoming its host, Clark also ended the show's all-white policy by featuring black artists such as <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chuck_Berry" title="Chuck Berry">Chuck Berry</a>. In time, blacks and whites performed on the same stage, and studio seating was desegregated. Beginning in 1959 and continuing into the mid-1960s, Clark produced and hosted the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caravan_of_Stars" title="Caravan of Stars">Caravan of Stars</a>, a series of concert tours built upon the success of <i>American Bandstand</i>, which by 1959 had a national audience of 20 million. However, Clark was unable to host <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elvis_Presley" title="Elvis Presley">Elvis Presley</a>, the <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beatles" title="Beatles">Beatles</a> or the <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rolling_Stones" title="Rolling Stones">Rolling Stones</a> on either of his programs.
</p><p>The reason for Clark's impact on popular culture has been partially explained by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Anka" title="Paul Anka">Paul Anka</a>,
a singer who appeared on the show early in his career: "This was a time
when there was no youth culture — he created it. And the impact of the
show on people was enormous."
In 1990, a couple of years after the show had been off the air, Clark
considered his personal contribution to the music he helped introduce:
</p><p>
My talent is bringing out the best
in other talent, organizing people to showcase them and being able to
survive the ordeal. I hope someday that somebody will say that in the
beginning stages of the birth of the music of the fifties, though I
didn't contribute in terms of creativity, I helped keep it alive.</p><p>In 1960, the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">United States Senate</a> investigated <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Payola" title="Payola">payola</a>,
the practice of music-producing companies paying broadcasting companies
to favor their product. As a result, Clark's personal investments in
music publishing and recording companies were considered a conflict of
interest, and he sold his shares in those companies.
</p><p>When asked about some of the causes for the hearings, Clark
speculated about some of the contributing factors not mentioned by the
press:
</p>
<blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Politicians . . . did their
damnedest to respond to the pressures they were getting from parents and
publishing companies and people who were being driven out of business
[by rock]. . . . It hit a responsive chord with the electorate, the
older people. . . . they full-out <i>hated</i> the music. [But] it
stayed alive. It could've been nipped in the bud, because they could've
stopped it from being on television and radio.</p></blockquote><p>
As reported by a <i>New York Times Magazine</i> interview with Dick Clark, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gene_Shalit" title="Gene Shalit">Gene Shalit</a>
was Clark's press agent in the early 1960s. Shalit reportedly "stopped
representing" Clark during the Congressional investigation of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Payola" title="Payola">payola</a>. Clark never spoke to Shalit again, and referred to him as a "jellyfish". Wikipedia<br /></p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj17BXAT6IuOLJUj8X6RxW7xBI6U_2Ledx6ZGCrdGEMgeoWpkh-DhyhjMZS8Q7W4vumKGhm5tjsYYOiAcVVhPvOb4nxuZFU2I7-6hN33Bk5ZJ-dylAyQX26uK9fxFYPTlBVr2w3EcaJrpiRQIoNXT7C_Mzq7b9v9_6UsXdcmwVZnojxCO3beMMmX9wjhDI/s2115/Relationship_%20Edward%20ROCKSTEIN%20to%20Richard%20Wagstaff%20Clark.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2115" data-original-width="818" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj17BXAT6IuOLJUj8X6RxW7xBI6U_2Ledx6ZGCrdGEMgeoWpkh-DhyhjMZS8Q7W4vumKGhm5tjsYYOiAcVVhPvOb4nxuZFU2I7-6hN33Bk5ZJ-dylAyQX26uK9fxFYPTlBVr2w3EcaJrpiRQIoNXT7C_Mzq7b9v9_6UsXdcmwVZnojxCO3beMMmX9wjhDI/s16000/Relationship_%20Edward%20ROCKSTEIN%20to%20Richard%20Wagstaff%20Clark.png" /></a></div><br /> <p></p><br />Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3238599334992481670.post-67617926781192565722023-09-09T17:08:00.002-07:002023-11-28T14:56:38.799-08:00Tim Considine--Disney Star<p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgg6TBD3PaW4ihbo7ezXPMXlQOP55i0Yvx9pt-D1ToKF40dQyRi_JDb02s3_A09WuKbFa03Tq7WMTp4mGvnHAjoghRpKvsIKcBWsZNZMj0Sbcu3Qns3H6_zswDldRAoE3fiOrvggOEqUk2bJf4xKx63cps8ObzDq-nu6T57AhNoyWGE0g8WHugXS1VKRSw/s1200/Tim%20Considine.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="630" data-original-width="1200" height="105" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgg6TBD3PaW4ihbo7ezXPMXlQOP55i0Yvx9pt-D1ToKF40dQyRi_JDb02s3_A09WuKbFa03Tq7WMTp4mGvnHAjoghRpKvsIKcBWsZNZMj0Sbcu3Qns3H6_zswDldRAoE3fiOrvggOEqUk2bJf4xKx63cps8ObzDq-nu6T57AhNoyWGE0g8WHugXS1VKRSw/w200-h105/Tim%20Considine.jpg" width="200" /></a></div><br /> <b>Timothy Daniel Considine</b> (December 31, 1940 – March 3, 2022) was
an American actor, writer, photographer, and automotive historian. He
was best known for his acting roles in the late 1950s and early 1960s. <p></p><p>Considine was born in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a> on December 31, 1940. His mother, Carmen (Pantages), was the daughter of theater magnate <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Pantages" title="Alexander Pantages">Alexander Pantages</a>; his father, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_W._Considine_Jr." title="John W. Considine Jr.">John W. Considine Jr.</a>, was an Oscar-nominated movie producer for <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boys_Town_(film)" title="Boys Town (film)">Boys Town</a></i>. Considine's grandfather, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Considine_(impresario)" title="John Considine (impresario)">John Considine</a>, was Alexander Pantages' rival <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaudeville" title="Vaudeville">vaudeville</a> impresario, while one of his uncles, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Considine" title="Bob Considine">Bob Considine</a>, was a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columnist" title="Columnist">columnist</a> and author. He had two siblings: <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Considine_(actor)" title="John Considine (actor)">John</a>, who was also an actor, and Erin.</p><p>Considine made his film debut in 1953, co-starring with <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Skelton" title="Red Skelton">Red Skelton</a> in <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Clown_(1953_film)" title="The Clown (1953 film)">The Clown</a></i>, a remake of the 1931 movie <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Champ_(1931_film)" title="The Champ (1931 film)">The Champ</a></i>. Credited as Timmie Considine, a review by <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i> characterized his performance as "properly wistful, serious, and manly".
</p><p>Considine's acting performances included roles in the 1955–1957 <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Walt_Disney_Company" title="The Walt Disney Company">Disney</a> TV serials <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spin_and_Marty" title="Spin and Marty">Spin and Marty</a></i> (he played Spin) and <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardy_Boys_(Mickey_Mouse_Club_serial)" title="Hardy Boys (Mickey Mouse Club serial)">Hardy Boys</a></i> (he played older brother Frank opposite <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tommy_Kirk" title="Tommy Kirk">Tommy Kirk</a> as Joe), both of which appeared in 15-minute segments on <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Mickey_Mouse_Club" title="The Mickey Mouse Club">The Mickey Mouse Club</a></i>. He also appeared in the Disney show <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Swamp_Fox_(TV_series)" title="The Swamp Fox (TV series)">The Swamp Fox</a></i> as Gabriel Marion, nephew of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Marion" title="Francis Marion">Francis Marion</a>; in the Disney motion picture <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Shaggy_Dog_(1959_film)" title="The Shaggy Dog (1959 film)">The Shaggy Dog</a></i>; and as the eldest son, Mike Douglas, in the first years of the long-running television series <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/My_Three_Sons" title="My Three Sons">My Three Sons</a></i>, when it aired on <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Broadcasting_Company" title="American Broadcasting Company">ABC</a>. In both <i>The Shaggy Dog</i> and <i>My Three Sons</i>, he starred with <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fred_MacMurray" title="Fred MacMurray">Fred MacMurray</a>. In 1957, Considine played the role of Ted Nickerson in a television pilot made for <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CBS" title="CBS">CBS</a> based on the popular <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nancy_Drew" title="Nancy Drew">Nancy Drew</a></i> series of books by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carolyn_Keene" title="Carolyn Keene">Carolyn Keene</a>. He co-starred with <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roberta_Shore" title="Roberta Shore">Roberta Shore</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankie_Thomas" title="Frankie Thomas">Frankie Thomas</a>.
</p><p>On December 31, 1959, his 19th birthday and before the debut of <i>My Three Sons</i>, Considine appeared as Jamie Frederick in the episode "Bound Boy" on <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CBS" title="CBS">CBS</a>'s <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnny_Ringo_(TV_series)" title="Johnny Ringo (TV series)">Johnny Ringo</a></i> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_(genre)" title="Western (genre)">western</a> television series, starring <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_Durant" title="Don Durant">Don Durant</a> in the title role. In the story line, a rancher is investigated for turning orphaned boys into virtual slaves. The following year, Considine played the role of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a>'s eldest son <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Roosevelt" title="James Roosevelt">James</a> between ages 14 and 17, in the 1960 feature film <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunrise_at_Campobello" title="Sunrise at Campobello">Sunrise at Campobello</a></i>. In a 1966 episode of <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Fugitive_(1963_TV_series)" title="The Fugitive (1963 TV series)">The Fugitive</a></i> he acted as a helper for Dr. Kimble. He played young rebel Billy Penn in the <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonanza" title="Bonanza">Bonanza</a></i> episode "<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Bonanza_episodes#Season_7_(1965–66)" title="List of Bonanza episodes">The Reluctant Rebel</a>", which aired on November 21, 1965. Considine played the role of "<a class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0594363/characters/nm0175919?ref_=ttfc_fc_cl_t7" rel="nofollow">Scott Coleman</a>" in the <a class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0175919/?ref_=tt_cl_t_7" rel="nofollow">1970</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gunsmoke" title="Gunsmoke">Gunsmoke</a> television film series (<a class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0594362/fullcredits/?ref_=tt_ql_cl" rel="nofollow">S16.E6</a> and <a class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0594363/fullcredits" rel="nofollow">S16.E7</a>), "<a class="external text" href="https://sddigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/collection/photos/id/4877/" rel="nofollow">Snow Train</a>" <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Gunsmoke_television_episodes#Season_16_(1970–71)" title="List of Gunsmoke television episodes">parts 1 and 2</a>. Considine later featured in the 1970 film <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patton_(film)" title="Patton (film)">Patton</a></i>, portraying the shell-shocked soldier <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_S._Patton_slapping_incidents" title="George S. Patton slapping incidents">slapped</a> by General <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_S._Patton,_Jr." title="George S. Patton, Jr.">George S. Patton, Jr.</a> The role is credited as "Soldier Who Gets Slapped".
</p><p>As an adult, Considine was an <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile" title="Automobile">automobile</a> historian, photographer, and writer who specialized in motor sports. He was the author of <i>The Photographic Dictionary of Soccer</i> (1979, <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-446-87953-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-446-87953-3">0-446-87953-3</a>), <i>The Language of Sport</i> (1982, <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87196-653-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-87196-653-0">0-87196-653-0</a>), and <i>American Grand Prix Racing: A Century of Drivers and Cars</i> (1997, <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7603-0210-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-7603-0210-3">0-7603-0210-3</a>). He also filled in for the late <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Safire" title="William Safire">William Safire</a> as writer of the "On Language" column in <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times_Magazine" title="The New York Times Magazine">The New York Times Magazine</a></i>. His photography work included the cover of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joni_Mitchell" title="Joni Mitchell">Joni Mitchell</a>'s 1971 album <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue_(Joni_Mitchell_album)" title="Blue (Joni Mitchell album)">Blue</a></i>.
</p><p>In 2000, Considine and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Stollery" title="David Stollery">David Stollery</a>, his co-star in the <i>Spin and Marty</i> serials, made cameo appearances in <i>The New Adventures of Spin and Marty: Suspect Behavior</i>, a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Television_film" title="Television film">made-for-TV movie</a> on the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Broadcasting_Company" title="American Broadcasting Company">ABC</a> network. A DVD version of the <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walt_Disney_Treasures:_Wave_Five#The_Adventures_of_Spin_&_Marty_(The_Mickey_Mouse_Club)" title="Walt Disney Treasures: Wave Five">Adventures of Spin & Marty</a></i> was released in December 2005 as part of the fifth wave of the <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walt_Disney_Treasures" title="Walt Disney Treasures">Walt Disney Treasures</a></i> series. On the 50th anniversary of the serial's premiere, Considine and Stollery were interviewed by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonard_Maltin" title="Leonard Maltin">Leonard Maltin</a> as a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DVD" title="DVD">DVD</a> bonus feature about their experiences filming the hit series. Considine later participated in the <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/My_Three_Sons" title="My Three Sons">My Three Sons</a></i> 50th-Anniversary Reunion at the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paley_Center_for_Media" title="Paley Center for Media">Paley Center for Media</a> in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beverly_Hills,_California" title="Beverly Hills, California">Beverly Hills, California</a>, on June 19, 2010. He was a panelist at the event alongside most of the surviving cast members.</p><p>Considine married his first wife, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charlotte_Stewart" title="Charlotte Stewart">Charlotte Stewart</a>,
in 1965. They did not have children, and divorced in 1969. Ten years
later, he married Willett Hunt. They remained married until his death,
and had one son, Christopher.
</p><p>Considine died on March 3, 2022, at his home in <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar_Vista,_California" title="Mar Vista, California">Mar Vista, California</a>. He was 81 years old. Wikipedia</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgrdwTenJDqCWp8qTP8nHmYuhbDo0n-33cEY31XMeMt2wAQBsQf4ZaTomsd4greu4SDJ7Jt46HHH4ivgiJTzmJjUDMs9NF7O1kADrHpRLx-RG5xbVzk6WAbtsGcSzZZovFk9tqdJAGnan4FzbiRnQV00E29o8US5hzFeDhU0oNU7oUY8uapawOuuFOnNYU/s3172/Relationship_%20Edward%20ROCKSTEIN%20to%20Timothy%20Daniel%20Considine.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3172" data-original-width="818" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgrdwTenJDqCWp8qTP8nHmYuhbDo0n-33cEY31XMeMt2wAQBsQf4ZaTomsd4greu4SDJ7Jt46HHH4ivgiJTzmJjUDMs9NF7O1kADrHpRLx-RG5xbVzk6WAbtsGcSzZZovFk9tqdJAGnan4FzbiRnQV00E29o8US5hzFeDhU0oNU7oUY8uapawOuuFOnNYU/s16000/Relationship_%20Edward%20ROCKSTEIN%20to%20Timothy%20Daniel%20Considine.png" /></a></div><br /><p><br /></p><p> </p><p> </p>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3238599334992481670.post-43128564540576280182023-09-06T09:24:00.000-07:002023-09-06T09:24:11.557-07:00Jane Greer "The Woman with the Mona Lisa Smile!" <p> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZ0kkJ0VvsacfeQbRqGTasr_QST9CzFXS7i33n7DsyksPctY1AaX-rFpcjLFkMK1IqckXtlaGEhQ7dooCMV0ovVXmeIQcVPO4fDWXPQYE_OT-U8vwv1Mp1duLr-qjwrm5Fok4JVE9MS3xMoubyC7vlG--YhJiTdwdOjxidz_-EKtQZfLtLURfNazbfwfg/s750/Jane%20Greer.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="750" data-original-width="615" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZ0kkJ0VvsacfeQbRqGTasr_QST9CzFXS7i33n7DsyksPctY1AaX-rFpcjLFkMK1IqckXtlaGEhQ7dooCMV0ovVXmeIQcVPO4fDWXPQYE_OT-U8vwv1Mp1duLr-qjwrm5Fok4JVE9MS3xMoubyC7vlG--YhJiTdwdOjxidz_-EKtQZfLtLURfNazbfwfg/w164-h200/Jane%20Greer.jpg" width="164" /></a></div><b>Jane Greer</b> (born <b>Bettejane Greer</b>; September 9, 1924 – August 24, 2001) was an American film and television actress best known for her role as <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Femme_fatale" title="Femme fatale">femme fatale</a></i> Kathie Moffat in the 1947 <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Film_noir" title="Film noir">film noir</a> <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Out_of_the_Past" title="Out of the Past">Out of the Past</a></i>. In 2009, <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i> named her one of the best actors never to have received an <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academy_Award" title="Academy Award">Academy Award</a> nomination.<p></p><p>Greer was born in <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington,_DC" title="Washington, DC">Washington, DC</a>, the daughter of Charles Durell McClellan Greer, Jr., and his wife, Bettie. In 1940, at age 15, Greer suffered from a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell%27s_palsy" title="Bell's palsy">facial palsy</a>,
which paralyzed the left side of her face. She recovered, but the
condition may have contributed to her "patented look" and "a calm,
quizzical gaze and an enigmatic expression that would later lead RKO to
promote her as 'The Woman with the Mona Lisa smile'."
She claimed that the facial exercises used to overcome the paralysis
taught her the importance of facial expression in conveying <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emotion" title="Emotion">human emotion</a>.
</p><p>On December 4, 1945, Greer had her name legally changed to Jane
Greer by a court in Los Angeles. She said of her previous name: "Mine is
a sissy name. It's too bo-peepish, ingenueish for the type of role
I've been playing. It's like Mary Lou or Mary Ann."</p><p>A beauty-contest winner and professional model from her teens, Greer
began her show-business career as a big-band singer. She sang in
Washington, DC, with the orchestra of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enric_Madriguera" title="Enric Madriguera">Enric Madriguera</a>. She "sang phonetically in Spanish" with the group.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Howard_Hughes" title="Howard Hughes">Howard Hughes</a> spotted Greer modeling in the June 8, 1942, issue of <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Life_(magazine)" title="Life (magazine)">Life</a></i>, and sent her to Hollywood to become an actress. Hughes lent her to <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RKO" title="RKO">RKO</a> to star in many films (another source says Greer's husband, <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudy_Vallee" title="Rudy Vallee">Rudy Vallee</a>, "helped her get out of her contract with Hughes and secure another pact with RKO Studios") including <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dick_Tracy_(1945_film)" title="Dick Tracy (1945 film)">Dick Tracy</a></i> (1945), <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Out_of_the_Past" title="Out of the Past">Out of the Past</a></i> (1947), <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/They_Won%27t_Believe_Me" title="They Won't Believe Me">They Won't Believe Me</a></i> (1947), and the comedy/suspense film <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Big_Steal" title="The Big Steal">The Big Steal</a></i> (1949), with <i>Out of the Past</i> co-star <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Mitchum" title="Robert Mitchum">Robert Mitchum</a>. Hughes refused to let her work for a time; when she finally resumed film acting, she appeared in <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/You%27re_in_the_Navy_Now" title="You're in the Navy Now">You're in the Navy Now</a></i> (1951), <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Prisoner_of_Zenda_(1952_film)" title="The Prisoner of Zenda (1952 film)">The Prisoner of Zenda</a></i> (1952), <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Run_for_the_Sun" title="Run for the Sun">Run for the Sun</a></i> (1956), and <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Man_of_a_Thousand_Faces_(film)" title="Man of a Thousand Faces (film)">Man of a Thousand Faces</a></i> (1957). In 1984, she was cast in <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Against_All_Odds_(1984_film)" title="Against All Odds (1984 film)">Against All Odds</a></i>, a remake of <i>Out of the Past</i>, as the mother of the character she had played in 1947. In 1952, Greer obtained a release from her contract with <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer" title="Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer">Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer</a> Studios. She said, "When there is a good role at MGM, the producers want <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lana_Turner" title="Lana Turner">Lana</a> or <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ava_Gardner" title="Ava Gardner">Ava</a>. There is no chance for another actress to develop into important stardom at the studio".</p><p>Greer's noteworthy roles in television included guest appearances on episodes of numerous shows over the decades, such as <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Hitchcock_Presents" title="Alfred Hitchcock Presents">Alfred Hitchcock Presents</a></i>, <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonanza" title="Bonanza">Bonanza</a></i>, <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quincy,_M.E." title="Quincy, M.E.">Quincy, M.E.</a></i>, <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murder,_She_Wrote" title="Murder, She Wrote">Murder, She Wrote</a></i>, and a 1975 role with <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Falk" title="Peter Falk">Peter Falk</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Vaughn" title="Robert Vaughn">Robert Vaughn</a> in an episode of <i><a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbo_(TV_series)" title="Columbo (TV series)">Columbo</a></i> titled <i>Troubled Waters</i>. She even got to make fun of <i>Out of the Past</i> in a parody with Robert Mitchum on TV's <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturday_Night_Live" title="Saturday Night Live">Saturday Night Live</a></i> in 1987. Greer joined the casts of <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falcon_Crest" title="Falcon Crest">Falcon Crest</a></i> in 1984 and <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twin_Peaks" title="Twin Peaks">Twin Peaks</a></i> in 1990 in recurring roles until her retirement in 1996.</p><p>Greer was honored with a star on the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hollywood_Walk_of_Fame" title="Hollywood Walk of Fame">Hollywood Walk of Fame</a> at 1634 Vine Street for her contributions to the motion picture industry. The star was dedicated on February 8, 1960.</p><p>Greer married <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudy_Vallee" title="Rudy Vallee">Rudy Vallee</a> on December 2, 1943, in Hollywood, but they separated after three months and divorced on July 27, 1944. On August 20, 1947, Greer married <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Lasker_(businessman)" title="Edward Lasker (businessman)">Edward Lasker</a> (1912–1997), a Los Angeles lawyer and businessman, with whom she had three sons, Alex, Steven, and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawrence_Lasker" title="Lawrence Lasker">Lawrence</a>, a movie producer (<i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WarGames" title="WarGames">WarGames</a></i>, <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sneakers_(1992_film)" title="Sneakers (1992 film)">Sneakers</a></i>). Greer and Lasker divorced in 1967.
Frank London (an actor and dialogue coach) was Greer's domestic partner
from 1965 until his death in 2001, six months before Greer died. Greer was a lifelong <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democrat</a> and supported <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adlai_Stevenson_II" title="Adlai Stevenson II">Adlai Stevenson</a> during the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1952_United_States_presidential_election" title="1952 United States presidential election">1952 presidential election</a>. Greer was <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic" title="Catholic">Catholic</a>.
</p><p>Greer died of cancer on August 24, 2001, at the age of 76, in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bel_Air,_Los_Angeles" title="Bel Air, Los Angeles">Bel Air, Los Angeles</a>. Her body was interred at Los Angeles' <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westwood_Village_Memorial_Park_Cemetery" title="Westwood Village Memorial Park Cemetery">Westwood Village Memorial Park Cemetery</a>. Wikipedia</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjsQSUbYNj373SjdpyPmYsMs_CDLQa0RN0qw5S2z5OmpWK9qKEOmpMAcW7UcUbqRGxB1I2XCjryxE_ofjIIwtRnSrQEZFmZBQHcn9VUsn1ylGYsHkzaVCl_t70dhYPtHmqhXNLuTJrzi9XrWsHqvDIPJoK9D0d8Tj4EdIbUW_kPR9bFHIQTD0Q8UO0lwAU/s3172/Relationship_%20Edward%20ROCKSTEIN%20to%20Bettejane%20Greer.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3172" data-original-width="818" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjsQSUbYNj373SjdpyPmYsMs_CDLQa0RN0qw5S2z5OmpWK9qKEOmpMAcW7UcUbqRGxB1I2XCjryxE_ofjIIwtRnSrQEZFmZBQHcn9VUsn1ylGYsHkzaVCl_t70dhYPtHmqhXNLuTJrzi9XrWsHqvDIPJoK9D0d8Tj4EdIbUW_kPR9bFHIQTD0Q8UO0lwAU/s16000/Relationship_%20Edward%20ROCKSTEIN%20to%20Bettejane%20Greer.png" /></a></div><br /><p><br /></p><p> </p><p> </p>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3238599334992481670.post-7200677844074680142023-08-23T16:05:00.000-07:002023-08-23T16:05:37.802-07:00President Millard Fillmore--The Last Whig President<p> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgnED2efaGdMQTU-ES667t4xv91gYvU4ntSOgik0B9oLk0VdJaY4YlxKZrDxJS_1um95WFn_wD2OK9bw_Z-6I0ctrnrOvAHzI2G_b0lVw_0SF0umjBhdJU0Ncsdd7-DTyK6CpMTkcv8n6-N4iUxuqKlDZc9U21lQW564nKaGq6ajmibZ2w-ZQFdj8u7Vv4/s1066/Millard_Fillmore_Better_Crop.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1066" data-original-width="800" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgnED2efaGdMQTU-ES667t4xv91gYvU4ntSOgik0B9oLk0VdJaY4YlxKZrDxJS_1um95WFn_wD2OK9bw_Z-6I0ctrnrOvAHzI2G_b0lVw_0SF0umjBhdJU0Ncsdd7-DTyK6CpMTkcv8n6-N4iUxuqKlDZc9U21lQW564nKaGq6ajmibZ2w-ZQFdj8u7Vv4/w150-h200/Millard_Fillmore_Better_Crop.jpg" width="150" /></a></div><br /><p></p><p><b>Millard Fillmore</b> (January 7, 1800 – March 8, 1874) was the 13th <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">president of the United States</a>, serving from 1850 to 1853, the last to be a member of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whig_Party_(United_States)" title="Whig Party (United States)">Whig Party</a> while in the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House" title="White House">White House</a>. A former member of the <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._House_of_Representatives" title="U.S. House of Representatives">U.S. House of Representatives</a> from <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upstate_New_York" title="Upstate New York">upstate New York</a>, Fillmore was elected as the 12th <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States" title="Vice President of the United States">vice president</a> in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1848_United_States_presidential_election" title="1848 United States presidential election">1848</a>, and succeeded to the presidency in July 1850 upon the death of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zachary_Taylor" title="Zachary Taylor">Zachary Taylor</a>. Fillmore was instrumental in passing the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compromise_of_1850" title="Compromise of 1850">Compromise of 1850</a>, a bargain that led to a brief truce in the battle over the expansion of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavery_in_the_United_States" title="Slavery in the United States">slavery</a>. He failed to win the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1852_Whig_National_Convention" title="1852 Whig National Convention">Whig nomination for president in 1852</a> but gained the endorsement of the nativist <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Know_Nothing_Party" title="Know Nothing Party">Know Nothing Party</a> four years later and finished third in the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1856_United_States_presidential_election" title="1856 United States presidential election">1856 presidential election</a>.
</p><p>Fillmore was born into poverty in the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finger_Lakes" title="Finger Lakes">Finger Lakes</a>
area of upstate New York. His parents were tenant farmers during his
formative years. Though he had little formal schooling, he studied
diligently to become a lawyer. He became prominent in the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buffalo,_New_York" title="Buffalo, New York">Buffalo</a> area as an attorney and politician, and was elected to the <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Assembly" title="New York Assembly">New York Assembly</a> in 1828 and to the House of Representatives in 1832. Fillmore initially belonged to the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-Masonic_Party" title="Anti-Masonic Party">Anti-Masonic Party</a>,
but became a member of the Whig Party as formed in the mid-1830s. He
was a rival for the state party leadership with the editor <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thurlow_Weed" title="Thurlow Weed">Thurlow Weed</a> and his protégé <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_H._Seward" title="William H. Seward">William H. Seward</a>.
Throughout his career, Fillmore declared slavery an evil but said it
was beyond the federal government's power to end it. Seward was openly
hostile to slavery and argued that the federal government had a role to
play in ending it. Fillmore was an unsuccessful candidate for <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speaker_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Speaker of the United States House of Representatives">Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives</a> when the Whigs took control of the chamber in 1841, but was made chairman of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_House_Committee_on_Ways_and_Means" title="United States House Committee on Ways and Means">Ways and Means Committee</a>. Defeated in bids for the Whig nomination for vice president in 1844 and for <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1844_New_York_state_election" title="1844 New York state election">New York governor</a> the same year, Fillmore was elected <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comptroller_of_New_York" title="Comptroller of New York">Comptroller of New York</a> in 1847, the first to hold that post by direct election.
</p><p>As vice president, Fillmore was largely ignored by Taylor; even
in dispensing patronage in New York, Taylor consulted Weed and Seward.
But in his capacity as president of the Senate, Fillmore presided over
its angry debates, as the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/31st_United_States_Congress" title="31st United States Congress">31st Congress</a> decided whether to allow slavery in the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexican_Cession" title="Mexican Cession">Mexican Cession</a>. Unlike Taylor, Fillmore supported <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omnibus_bill#Historical_examples" title="Omnibus bill">Henry Clay's omnibus bill</a>, the basis of the 1850 Compromise. Upon becoming president in July 1850, he dismissed <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zachary_Taylor#Presidency_(1849–1850)" title="Zachary Taylor">Taylor's cabinet</a> and pushed Congress to pass the compromise. The <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fugitive_Slave_Act_of_1850" title="Fugitive Slave Act of 1850">Fugitive Slave Act</a>,
expediting the return of escaped slaves to those who claimed ownership,
was a controversial part of the compromise. Fillmore felt duty-bound to
enforce it, though it damaged his popularity and also the Whig Party,
which was torn between its Northern and Southern factions. In foreign
policy, he supported <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perry_Expedition" title="Perry Expedition">U.S. Navy expeditions to open trade in Japan</a>, opposed <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_French_Empire" title="Second French Empire">French</a> designs on <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hawaiian_Kingdom" title="Hawaiian Kingdom">Hawaii</a>, and was embarrassed by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narciso_L%C3%B3pez" title="Narciso López">Narciso López</a>'s <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filibuster_(military)" title="Filibuster (military)">filibuster</a> expeditions to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Captaincy_General_of_Cuba#The_19th_century" title="Captaincy General of Cuba">Cuba</a>. Fillmore sought the Whig nomination for a full term in 1852 but was passed over in favor of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winfield_Scott" title="Winfield Scott">Winfield Scott</a>.
</p><p>As the Whig Party broke up after Fillmore's presidency, many in
his conservative wing joined the Know Nothings and formed the American
Party. During his 1856 candidacy, he said little about immigration,
focusing on the preservation of the Union, and won only <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland">Maryland</a>. During the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a>, Fillmore denounced secession and agreed that the Union must be maintained by force if necessary, but was critical of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln" title="Abraham Lincoln">Abraham Lincoln</a>'s war policies. After peace was restored, he supported President <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Johnson" title="Andrew Johnson">Andrew Johnson</a>'s <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reconstruction_era" title="Reconstruction era">Reconstruction</a> policies. Fillmore remained involved in civic interests in retirement, including as chancellor of the <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Buffalo" title="University of Buffalo">University of Buffalo</a>, which he had helped found in 1846. Historians consistently <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historical_rankings_of_presidents_of_the_United_States" title="Historical rankings of presidents of the United States">rank</a> Fillmore among the worst presidents in American history, largely for his policies regarding slavery, as well as among the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historical_rankings_of_presidents_of_the_United_States#Memorability_of_the_presidents" title="Historical rankings of presidents of the United States">least memorable</a>.
His association with the Know Nothings and support of Johnson's
reconstruction policies further tarnished his reputation and legacy. </p><p>Millard Fillmore was born on January 7, 1800, in a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Log_cabin" title="Log cabin">log cabin</a>, on a farm in what is now <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moravia,_New_York" title="Moravia, New York">Moravia</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cayuga_County,_New_York" title="Cayuga County, New York">Cayuga County</a>, in the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finger_Lakes" title="Finger Lakes">Finger Lakes</a> region of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a>. His parents were Phoebe Millard and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nathaniel_Fillmore" title="Nathaniel Fillmore">Nathaniel Fillmore</a>, and he was the second of eight children and the oldest son.
</p><p>Nathaniel Fillmore was the son of Nathaniel Fillmore Sr. (1739–1814), a native of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franklin,_Connecticut" title="Franklin, Connecticut">Franklin, Connecticut</a>, who became one of the earliest settlers of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bennington,_Vermont" title="Bennington, Vermont">Bennington, Vermont</a>, when it was founded in the territory that was then called the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Hampshire_Grants" title="New Hampshire Grants">New Hampshire Grants</a>.
</p><p>Nathaniel Fillmore and Phoebe Millard moved from Vermont in 1799
and sought better opportunities than were available on Nathaniel's stony
farm, but the title to their Cayuga County land proved defective, and
the Fillmore family moved to nearby <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sempronius,_New_York" title="Sempronius, New York">Sempronius</a>, where they leased land as <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tenant_farmer" title="Tenant farmer">tenant farmers</a>, and Nathaniel occasionally taught school. The historian <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyler_Anbinder" title="Tyler Anbinder">Tyler Anbinder</a> described Fillmore's childhood as "one of hard work, frequent privation, and virtually no formal schooling."
</p>
<p>Over time Nathaniel became more successful in Sempronius, but during
Millard's formative years, the family endured severe poverty. Nathaniel became sufficiently regarded that he was chosen to serve in local offices, including justice of the peace. Hoping that his oldest son would learn a trade, he convinced Millard, who was 14, not to enlist for the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_of_1812" title="War of 1812">War of 1812</a> and <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apprentice" title="Apprentice">apprenticed</a> him to clothmaker Benjamin Hungerford in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sparta,_New_York" title="Sparta, New York">Sparta</a>. Fillmore was relegated to menial labor, and unhappy at not learning any skills, he left Hungerford's employ.
</p><p>His father then placed him in the same trade at a mill in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niles,_New_York" title="Niles, New York">New Hope</a>. Seeking to better himself, Millard bought a share in a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circulating_library" title="Circulating library">circulating library</a> and read all the books that he could. In 1819 he took advantage of idle time at the mill to enroll at a new academy in the town, where he met a classmate, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abigail_Fillmore" title="Abigail Fillmore">Abigail Powers</a>, and fell in love with her.
</p><p>Later in 1819 Nathaniel moved the family to Montville, a hamlet of Moravia.
Appreciating his son's talents, Nathaniel followed his wife's advice
and persuaded Judge Walter Wood, the Fillmores' landlord and the
wealthiest person in the area, to allow Millard to be his law clerk for a
trial period. Wood agreed to employ young Fillmore and to supervise him as he <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Read_law" title="Read law">read law</a>. Fillmore earned money teaching school for three months and bought out his mill apprenticeship.
He left Wood after eighteen months; the judge had paid him almost
nothing, and both quarreled after Fillmore had, unaided, earned a small
sum by advising a farmer in a minor lawsuit. Refusing to pledge not to do so again, Fillmore gave up his clerkship. Nathaniel again moved the family, and Millard accompanied it west to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Aurora,_New_York" title="East Aurora, New York">East Aurora</a>, in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erie_County,_New_York" title="Erie County, New York">Erie County</a>, near <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buffalo,_New_York" title="Buffalo, New York">Buffalo</a>, where Nathaniel purchased a farm that became prosperous.
</p><p>In 1821 Fillmore turned 21, reaching <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_of_majority" title="Age of majority">adulthood</a>.
He taught school in East Aurora and accepted a few cases in justice of
the peace courts, which did not require the practitioner to be a
licensed attorney.
He moved to Buffalo the following year and continued his study of law,
first while he taught school and then in the law office of Asa Rice and
Joseph Clary. Meanwhile, he also became engaged to Abigail Powers. In 1823 he was <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Admission_to_the_bar_in_the_United_States" title="Admission to the bar in the United States">admitted to the bar</a>,
declined offers from Buffalo law firms, and returned to East Aurora to
establish a practice as the town's only resident lawyer.
Later in life, Fillmore said he had initially lacked the
self-confidence to practice in the larger city of Buffalo. His
biographer, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Finkelman" title="Paul Finkelman">Paul Finkelman</a>, suggested that after being under others' thumbs all his life, Fillmore enjoyed the independence of his East Aurora practice Millard and Abigail wed on February 5, 1826. They had two children, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Millard_Powers_Fillmore" title="Millard Powers Fillmore">Millard Powers Fillmore</a> (1828–1889) and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Abigail_Fillmore" title="Mary Abigail Fillmore">Mary Abigail Fillmore</a> (1832–1854). Wikipedia</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg_zhbq4jcaE7AblSIuO8bSRUNA0AUuvEV17hA80FjUzzSfsiDD97z3ZMrrEqFlvwhGbulQjKPuonCwXopuhHJtkYWn_3V3-sqJJsSghhZkjXFGYrO06NC05plvSOdXSKHFM0VJGnTpknx9-yqSyeDeuPIioxKTRVAU_hhhkyWf2PgPWa5JXHrTjw0Rbvc/s3172/Relationship_%20Edward%20ROCKSTEIN%20to%20Millard%20Fillmore%20President.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3172" data-original-width="818" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg_zhbq4jcaE7AblSIuO8bSRUNA0AUuvEV17hA80FjUzzSfsiDD97z3ZMrrEqFlvwhGbulQjKPuonCwXopuhHJtkYWn_3V3-sqJJsSghhZkjXFGYrO06NC05plvSOdXSKHFM0VJGnTpknx9-yqSyeDeuPIioxKTRVAU_hhhkyWf2PgPWa5JXHrTjw0Rbvc/s16000/Relationship_%20Edward%20ROCKSTEIN%20to%20Millard%20Fillmore%20President.png" /></a></div><br /><p><br /></p><p> </p>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3238599334992481670.post-52486540016870545092023-08-21T21:01:00.000-07:002023-08-21T21:01:15.254-07:00Dick Cheney, Vice-President of the United States<p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjHwgkXIqCWAqogzLaWC1_zru4cU-8kI3eNxSiLSgpWKxkfu3MFdYTYtTZ4OC-r0X0784f4_s2MVjgqyD7msX7c-S1SAVZCcui4vO3mu-EbaPDJp4J1i7gW8PohknIzlCxBtlsA5LiKHkMUQLX30v5eBvaNmuqIIGIHZrk1nK4mJOffXHtfTy7uUZ3yips/s1066/Dick_Cheney_3x4.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1066" data-original-width="800" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjHwgkXIqCWAqogzLaWC1_zru4cU-8kI3eNxSiLSgpWKxkfu3MFdYTYtTZ4OC-r0X0784f4_s2MVjgqyD7msX7c-S1SAVZCcui4vO3mu-EbaPDJp4J1i7gW8PohknIzlCxBtlsA5LiKHkMUQLX30v5eBvaNmuqIIGIHZrk1nK4mJOffXHtfTy7uUZ3yips/w150-h200/Dick_Cheney_3x4.jpg" width="150" /></a></div><br /> <p></p><p><b>Richard Bruce Cheney</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted;"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/tʃ/: 'ch' in 'China'">tʃ</span><span title="/eɪ/: 'a' in 'face'">eɪ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size: 90%;">CHAY</span>-nee</i></a>; born January 30, 1941) is an American politician and businessman who served as the 46th <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vice_president_of_the_United_States" title="Vice president of the United States">vice president of the United States</a> from 2001 to 2009 under President <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a>. He is currently the oldest living former U.S. vice president following the death of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_Mondale" title="Walter Mondale">Walter Mondale</a> in 2021.
</p><p>Born in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lincoln,_Nebraska" title="Lincoln, Nebraska">Lincoln, Nebraska</a>, Cheney grew up there and in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casper,_Wyoming" title="Casper, Wyoming">Casper, Wyoming</a>. He attended <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yale_University" title="Yale University">Yale University</a> before earning a bachelor of arts and master of arts in political science from the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Wyoming" title="University of Wyoming">University of Wyoming</a>. He began his political career as an intern for Congressman <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_A._Steiger" title="William A. Steiger">William A. Steiger</a>, eventually working his way into the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House" title="White House">White House</a> during the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidency_of_Richard_Nixon" title="Presidency of Richard Nixon">Nixon</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidency_of_Gerald_Ford" title="Presidency of Gerald Ford">Ford</a> administrations. He served as <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_Chief_of_Staff" title="White House Chief of Staff">White House chief of staff</a> from 1975 to 1977. In 1978, he was elected to the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">U.S. House of Representatives</a>, and represented <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wyoming%27s_at-large_congressional_district" title="Wyoming's at-large congressional district">Wyoming's at-large congressional district</a> from 1979 to 1989, briefly serving as <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Party_whips_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Party whips of the United States House of Representatives">House minority whip</a> in 1989. He was selected as <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Defense" title="United States Secretary of Defense">Secretary of Defense</a> during the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidency_of_George_H._W._Bush" title="Presidency of George H. W. Bush">presidency of George H. W. Bush</a>, and held the position for most of Bush's term from 1989 to 1993. During his time there, he oversaw 1991's <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Desert_Storm" title="Operation Desert Storm">Operation Desert Storm</a>, among other actions. Out of office during the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidency_of_Bill_Clinton" title="Presidency of Bill Clinton">Clinton administration</a>, he was the chairman and CEO of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halliburton" title="Halliburton">Halliburton</a> from 1995 to 2000.
</p><p>In <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2000_Republican_Party_vice_presidential_candidate_selection" title="2000 Republican Party vice presidential candidate selection">July 2000</a>, Cheney was chosen by presumptive <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> presidential nominee <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> as his running mate in the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election" title="2000 United States presidential election">2000 presidential election</a>. They defeated their <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> opponents, incumbent Vice President <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Gore" title="Al Gore">Al Gore</a> and Senator <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Lieberman" title="Joe Lieberman">Joe Lieberman</a>. In <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2004_United_States_presidential_election" title="2004 United States presidential election">2004</a>,
Cheney was reelected to his second term as vice president with Bush as
president, defeating their Democratic opponents Senators <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Kerry" title="John Kerry">John Kerry</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Edwards" title="John Edwards">John Edwards</a>. During Cheney's tenure as vice president, he played a leading behind-the-scenes role in the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidency_of_George_W._Bush" title="Presidency of George W. Bush">George W. Bush administration</a>'s response to the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/September_11_attacks" title="September 11 attacks">September 11 attacks</a> and coordination of the <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_on_Terror" title="War on Terror">Global War on Terrorism</a>. He was an early proponent of <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Iraqi_Freedom" title="Operation Iraqi Freedom">invading Iraq</a>, alleging that the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saddam_Hussein" title="Saddam Hussein">Saddam Hussein</a> regime possessed a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weapon_of_mass_destruction" title="Weapon of mass destruction">weapons of mass destruction</a> program and had an operational relationship with <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Qaeda" title="Al-Qaeda">Al-Qaeda</a>;
however, neither allegation was ever substantiated. He also pressured
the intelligence community to provide intelligence consistent with the
administration's rationales for invading Iraq. Cheney was often
criticized for the Bush Administration's policies regarding the campaign
against terrorism, for his support of <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NSA_warrantless_surveillance_controversy" title="NSA warrantless surveillance controversy">wiretapping by the National Security Agency (NSA)</a> and for his endorsement of "<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enhanced_interrogation_techniques" title="Enhanced interrogation techniques">enhanced interrogation techniques</a>" which several critics have labeled as <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torture" title="Torture">torture</a>. He publicly disagreed with President Bush's position against <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_the_United_States" title="Same-sex marriage in the United States">same-sex marriage</a> in 2004, but also said it is "appropriately a matter for the states to decide".
</p><p>Cheney, often cited as the most powerful vice president in American history, ended his tenure as an unpopular figure in American politics with an approval rating of 13 percent. His peak approval rating in the wake of the September 11 attacks was 68 percent.</p><p>Cheney was born in Lincoln, Nebraska, the son of Marjorie Lorraine
(née Dickey) and Richard Herbert Cheney. He is of predominantly English,
as well as <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Welsh_American" title="Welsh American">Welsh</a>, Irish, and French Huguenot ancestry. His father was a soil conservation agent for the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Agriculture" title="United States Department of Agriculture">U.S. Department of Agriculture</a> and his mother was a softball star in the 1930s; Cheney was one of three children.
He attended <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calvert_Elementary_School" title="Calvert Elementary School">Calvert Elementary School</a> before his family moved to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casper,_Wyoming" title="Casper, Wyoming">Casper, Wyoming</a>, where he attended <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natrona_County_High_School" title="Natrona County High School">Natrona County High School</a>.
</p><p>He attended <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yale_University" title="Yale University">Yale University</a>, but by his own account had problems adjusting to the college, and dropped out. Among the influential teachers from his days in New Haven was Professor <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H._Bradford_Westerfield" title="H. Bradford Westerfield">H. Bradford Westerfield</a>, whom Cheney repeatedly credited with having helped to shape his approach to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_policy" title="Foreign policy">foreign policy</a>. He later attended the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Wyoming" title="University of Wyoming">University of Wyoming</a>, where he earned both a bachelor of arts and a master of arts in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_science" title="Political science">political science</a>. He subsequently started, but did not finish, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doctorate" title="Doctorate">doctoral</a> studies at the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Wisconsin%E2%80%93Madison" title="University of Wisconsin–Madison">University of Wisconsin–Madison</a>.
</p><p>In November 1962, at the age of 21, Cheney was convicted of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Driving_under_the_influence" title="Driving under the influence">driving while intoxicated</a> (DWI). He was arrested for DWI again the following year.
Cheney said that the arrests made him "think about where I was and
where I was headed. I was headed down a bad road if I continued on that
course."
</p><p>In 1964, he married <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lynne_Cheney" title="Lynne Cheney">Lynne Vincent</a>, his high school sweetheart, whom he had met at age 14.
</p><p>When Cheney became eligible for the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conscription_in_the_United_States" title="Conscription in the United States">draft</a>, during the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a>, he applied for and received five draft deferments. In 1989, <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i> writer George C. Wilson interviewed Cheney as the next <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Secretary_of_Defense" title="U.S. Secretary of Defense">Secretary of Defense</a>; when asked about his deferments, Cheney reportedly said, "I had other priorities in the '60s than military service."
Cheney testified during his confirmation hearings in 1989 that he
received deferments to finish a college career that lasted six years
rather than four, owing to sub-par academic performance and the need to
work to pay for his education. Upon graduation, Cheney was eligible for
the draft, but at the time, the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_Service_System" title="Selective Service System">Selective Service System</a> was not inducting married men. On October 26, 1965, the draft was expanded to include married men without children; Cheney's first daughter, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liz_Cheney" title="Liz Cheney">Elizabeth</a>, was born 9 months and two days later.
Cheney's fifth and final deferment granted him "3-A" status, a
"hardship" deferment available to men with dependents. In January 1967,
Cheney turned 26 and was no longer eligible for the draft.
</p><p>In 1966 Cheney dropped out of the doctoral program at the University of Wisconsin to work as staff aide for Gov. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warren_P._Knowles" title="Warren P. Knowles">Warren Knowles</a>.
</p><p>In 1968 Cheney was awarded an <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Political_Science_Association" title="American Political Science Association">American Political Science Association</a> congressional fellowship and moved to Washington.</p><p>Cheney's political career began in 1969, as an intern for Congressman <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_A._Steiger" title="William A. Steiger">William A. Steiger</a> during the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a> Administration. He then joined the staff of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Rumsfeld" title="Donald Rumsfeld">Donald Rumsfeld</a>, who was then Director of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Office_of_Economic_Opportunity" title="Office of Economic Opportunity">Office of Economic Opportunity</a> from 1969 to 1970.
He held several positions in the years that followed: White House Staff
Assistant in 1971, Assistant Director of the Cost of Living Council
from 1971 to 1973, and Deputy Assistant to the president from 1974 to
1975. As deputy assistant, Cheney suggested several options in a memo to
Rumsfeld, including use of the <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/US_Justice_Department" title="US Justice Department">US Justice Department</a>, that the <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_administration" title="Ford administration">Ford administration</a> could use to limit damage from an article, published by <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>, in which investigative reporter <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seymour_Hersh" title="Seymour Hersh">Seymour Hersh</a> reported that Navy submarines had tapped into Soviet undersea communications as part of a highly classified program, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Ivy_Bells" title="Operation Ivy Bells">Operation Ivy Bells</a>.</p><p>Cheney was Assistant to the President and White House Deputy Chief of Staff under <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerald_Ford" title="Gerald Ford">Gerald Ford</a> from December 1974 to November 1975. When Rumsfeld was named <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Secretary_of_Defense" title="U.S. Secretary of Defense">Secretary of Defense</a>, Cheney became <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_Chief_of_Staff" title="White House Chief of Staff">White House Chief of Staff</a>, succeeding Rumsfeld. He later was campaign manager for Ford's <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1976_United_States_presidential_election" title="1976 United States presidential election">1976 presidential campaign</a>.</p><p>In early 2000, while serving as the CEO of Halliburton, Cheney headed then-<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governor_of_Texas" title="Governor of Texas">Governor of Texas</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a>'s
vice-presidential search committee. On July 25, after reviewing
Cheney's findings, Bush surprised some pundits by asking Cheney himself
to join the Republican ticket. Halliburton reportedly reached agreement on July 20 to allow Cheney to retire, with a package estimated at $20 million.
</p><p>A few months before the election Cheney put his home in Dallas up
for sale and changed his drivers' license and voter registration back
to Wyoming. This change was necessary to allow Texas' presidential
electors to vote for both Bush and Cheney without contravening the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twelfth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Twelfth Amendment to the United States Constitution">Twelfth Amendment to the United States Constitution</a>, which forbids electors from voting for "an inhabitant of the same state with themselves" for both president and vice president.
</p>
<figure><a class="mw-file-description" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:ElectoralCollege2000.svg"><img class="mw-file-element" data-file-height="593" data-file-width="1020" height="157" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/ElectoralCollege2000.svg/270px-ElectoralCollege2000.svg.png" width="270" /></a><figcaption>The
Bush–Cheney ticket won the 2000 presidential election with 271
electoral votes but with only 47.9% of the popular vote, less than their
opposition ticket, Gore–Lieberman, which received 48.3%.</figcaption></figure><p>
Cheney campaigned against <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Gore" title="Al Gore">Al Gore</a>'s running mate, <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Lieberman" title="Joseph Lieberman">Joseph Lieberman</a>,
in the 2000 presidential election. While the election was undecided,
the Bush-Cheney team was not eligible for public funding to plan a
transition to a new administration, prompting Cheney to open a privately
funded transition office in Washington. This office worked to identify
candidates for all important positions in the cabinet. According to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Craig_Unger" title="Craig Unger">Craig Unger</a>, Cheney advocated <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Rumsfeld" title="Donald Rumsfeld">Donald Rumsfeld</a> for the post of Secretary of Defense to counter the influence of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colin_Powell" title="Colin Powell">Colin Powell</a> at the State Department, and tried unsuccessfully to have <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Wolfowitz" title="Paul Wolfowitz">Paul Wolfowitz</a> named to replace <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Tenet" title="George Tenet">George Tenet</a> as director of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">Central Intelligence Agency</a>.</p><p>Following the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/September_11_attacks" title="September 11 attacks">September 11, 2001, attacks</a>,
Cheney remained physically apart from Bush for security reasons. For a
period, Cheney stayed at a variety of undisclosed locations, out of
public view. Cheney later revealed in his memoir <i>In My Time</i> that these "undisclosed locations" included his official vice presidential residence, his home in Wyoming, and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camp_David" title="Camp David">Camp David</a>.
He also utilized a heavy security detail, employing a motorcade of 12
to 18 government vehicles for his daily commute from the vice
presidential residence at the <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Naval_Observatory" title="U.S. Naval Observatory">U.S. Naval Observatory</a> to the White House.
</p><p>On the morning of June 29, 2002, Cheney served as <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acting_President_of_the_United_States" title="Acting President of the United States">acting president</a> from 7:09<span class="nowrap"> </span>a.m. to 9:24<span class="nowrap"> </span>a.m., under the terms of the <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/25th_Amendment" title="25th Amendment">25th Amendment</a> to the Constitution, while Bush underwent a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colonoscopy" title="Colonoscopy">colonoscopy</a>.</p><p>Bush and Cheney were re-elected in the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2004_United_States_presidential_election" title="2004 United States presidential election">2004 presidential election</a>, running against <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Kerry" title="John Kerry">John Kerry</a> and his running mate, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Edwards" title="John Edwards">John Edwards</a>. During the election, the pregnancy of his daughter <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Cheney" title="Mary Cheney">Mary</a> and her <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexual_orientation" title="Sexual orientation">sexual orientation</a> as a lesbian became a source of public attention for Cheney in light of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Same-sex_marriage" title="Same-sex marriage">same-sex marriage</a> debate.
Cheney has since stated that he is in favor of gay marriages
personally, but that each individual U.S. state should decide whether to
permit it or not.</p><p>Cheney's former chief legal counsel, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Addington" title="David Addington">David Addington</a>, became his chief of staff and remained in that office until Cheney's departure from office. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_P._Hannah" title="John P. Hannah">John P. Hannah</a> served as Cheney's national security adviser.
</p><p>Until his indictment and resignation in 2005, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scooter_Libby" title="Scooter Libby">I. Lewis "Scooter" Libby, Jr.</a> served in both roles.
</p><p>On the morning of July 21, 2007, Cheney once again served as
acting president, from 7:16 am to 9:21 am. Bush transferred the power of
the presidency prior to undergoing a medical procedure, requiring
sedation, and later resumed his powers and duties that same day.
</p><p>After his term began in 2001, Cheney was occasionally asked if he
was interested in the Republican nomination for the 2008 elections.
However, he always maintained that he wished to retire upon the
expiration of his term and he did not run in the 2008 presidential
primaries. The Republicans nominated Arizona Senator <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_McCain" title="John McCain">John McCain</a>.</p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEimq_RlRgbjL2sn2C0jVrIGuDHsnrFZ_0Gui1KNXBnF44NcIsfUBk1DJnZscy_anz_b_OJ4tGdm_0nL-XavhCxiGLh-XwUo8-RzsAemdE8lpo6JUaFeYX7maMMnXPDNZ8CCL30KsKxRKNo0DqLNVQf9B5HhGhgfl7VXCdG5PNLdLcr_NSN1XuJKzK22khE/s3172/Relationship_%20Edward%20ROCKSTEIN%20to%20Richard%20Bruce%20Cheney%20VP.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3172" data-original-width="818" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEimq_RlRgbjL2sn2C0jVrIGuDHsnrFZ_0Gui1KNXBnF44NcIsfUBk1DJnZscy_anz_b_OJ4tGdm_0nL-XavhCxiGLh-XwUo8-RzsAemdE8lpo6JUaFeYX7maMMnXPDNZ8CCL30KsKxRKNo0DqLNVQf9B5HhGhgfl7VXCdG5PNLdLcr_NSN1XuJKzK22khE/s16000/Relationship_%20Edward%20ROCKSTEIN%20to%20Richard%20Bruce%20Cheney%20VP.png" /></a></div><br /> <p></p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p><p> <br /></p><p> </p><p> </p>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3238599334992481670.post-18617532995888376582023-08-21T20:34:00.001-07:002023-11-17T07:07:02.094-08:00Mary Barr Clay--Suffragette<p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_sSOUGs0MS7ovlCtRs11PIqh1R_H5pgsvEAYf9wASbZkrUllA6J8zhDv_hA5CezO80KdBSRx17raCrgaoUM6OgK50v37fnhKRxgJUoivnSLkOh0E9gueo43374bkVWJBnaYFLGQmcLwTeWd_yaRrJK_CyaejOJ2O9UBifY03WCZAaZTZzgjxwSlcnARk/s500/MARY_BARR_CLAY-2714123156.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="500" data-original-width="354" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_sSOUGs0MS7ovlCtRs11PIqh1R_H5pgsvEAYf9wASbZkrUllA6J8zhDv_hA5CezO80KdBSRx17raCrgaoUM6OgK50v37fnhKRxgJUoivnSLkOh0E9gueo43374bkVWJBnaYFLGQmcLwTeWd_yaRrJK_CyaejOJ2O9UBifY03WCZAaZTZzgjxwSlcnARk/w142-h200/MARY_BARR_CLAY-2714123156.jpg" width="142" /></a></div><br /> <b>Mary Barr Clay</b> (October 13, 1839 – October 12, 1924) was a leader of the American <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage" title="Women's suffrage">women's suffrage</a> movement. She also was known as <i>Mary B. Clay</i> and <i>Mrs. J. Frank Herrick</i>. <p></p><p>The elder daughter of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cassius_Marcellus_Clay_(politician)" title="Cassius Marcellus Clay (politician)">Cassius Marcellus Clay</a> and his wife <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Jane_Warfield_Clay" title="Mary Jane Warfield Clay">Mary Jane Warfield</a>, Mary Barr Clay was born on October 13, 1839, in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lexington,_Kentucky" title="Lexington, Kentucky">Lexington, Kentucky</a>. Clay married John Francis "Frank" Herrick, of <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cleveland,_Ohio" title="Cleveland, Ohio">Cleveland, Ohio</a>,
on October 3, 1866. The couple had three sons: Cassius Clay Herrick
(July 17, 1867 – March 1935); Francis Warfield (February 9, 1869 – May
16, 1919); and, Green (August 11, 1871 – 10 Jan 1962). They divorced in
1872.
She then dropped the Herrick name and took back her surname of Clay;
she changed the last names of her two youngest children to Clay also.
</p><p>In 1878, Clay's parents also divorced, leaving her mother <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Jane_Warfield_Clay" title="Mary Jane Warfield Clay">Mary Jane Warfield Clay</a> homeless after she had managed <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_Hall,_Kentucky_(home_of_Cassius_Marcellus_Clay)" title="White Hall, Kentucky (home of Cassius Marcellus Clay)">White Hall</a>,
the family estate, for 45 years. This inequality galvanized Clay into
joining the women's rights movement, and she soon brought her three
younger sisters with her. Laura Clay, the youngest, also became very
active in the movement.</p><p>In May 1879, Mary B. Clay went to <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Louis,_Missouri" title="St. Louis, Missouri">St. Louis, Missouri</a> to attend the tenth anniversary of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Woman_Suffrage_Association" title="National Woman Suffrage Association">National Woman Suffrage Association</a>.
She soon became a Kentucky delegate for that organization, serving as a
vice-president. She was already a Vice President for the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Woman_Suffrage_Association" title="American Woman Suffrage Association">American Woman Suffrage Association</a>. There she met <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan_B._Anthony" title="">Susan B. Anthony</a> and arranged for the suffrage leader to speak in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richmond,_Kentucky" title="Richmond, Kentucky">Richmond, Kentucky</a>.
Returning home she organized the Fayette County Equal Suffrage
Association in 1879. The next year, she created the Madison County Equal
Rights Association. While living in Ann Arbor, Michigan, to educate her
two younger sons, she organized a suffrage club there. She became
president pro tem of the convention in Flint for the Michigan State
Suffrage Association.She also edited a column in the Ann Arbor "Register
and spoke before the senior law class of the University of Michigan on
the "Constitutional Right of Women to Vote." She submitted the Kentucky report in Volume 3 of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Woman_Suffrage" title="History of Woman Suffrage">History of Woman Suffrage</a>: 1876-1885.
</p><p>Clay became the first Kentuckian to hold the office of president
in a national woman's organization when she was elected president of the
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Woman_Suffrage_Association" title="American Woman Suffrage Association">American Woman Suffrage Association</a> in 1883. Mary B. Clay was also the first Kentucky woman to speak publicly on women's rights.
</p><p>She corresponded with <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan_B._Anthony" title="Susan B. Anthony">Susan B. Anthony</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucy_Stone" title="Lucy Stone">Lucy Stone</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alice_Stone_Blackwell" title="Alice Stone Blackwell">Alice Stone Blackwell</a> and other leading suffragists. She is credited with drawing her younger sister <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laura_Clay" title="Laura Clay">Laura Clay</a> into the women's rights movement. The younger Clay became better known in history as a women's rights advocate. </p><p>Her public life largely ended in 1902, as she dealt with ill health and family obligations. Clay died on October 12, 1924, one day shy of her 85th birthday, and is interred at <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lexington_Cemetery" title="Lexington Cemetery">Lexington Cemetery</a>. Wikipedia</p><p> </p><p>Born to the prominent Clay family of Kentucky, Mary was the daughter
of outspoken abolitionist and U.S. Minister to Russia, Cassius M. Clay.
One of the first women in Kentucky to advocate for women’s suffrage,
Mary was quickly joined by her sisters, and the youngest, Laura, would
eventually become a well-known leader of the movement in Kentucky. Mary
was part of both national and state associations, serving as vice
president for the National Woman Suffrage Association and vice president
and president for the American Woman Suffrage Association. Through
those organizations, as well as local ones such as the Kentucky Equal
Rights Association, Mary lobbied for female equality among their male
counterparts.</p>
<p>Though she was from a family with many well-known and public figures, Mary stated in an article published in <em>The Woman’s Journal</em>
on March 2, 1889 that her mother had the largest influence on how she
approached the issues with which she dealt. Her mother, Mary Jane, had
been born to wealthy slave owners in Lexington, Kentucky, and as a
result, grew up in a pro-slavery household. Mary Jane would go on to
marry Cassius Clay, who, after going off to college, took up a staunch
anti-slavery stance. While living in a Southern, conservative state,
being an abolitionist was a dangerous choice, and Mary stated that her
mother was her father’s only sympathizer. There were many times were
Mary said her mother had to convince her father to stay strong in his
beliefs, stating that Mary Jane told him to be prepared to die rather
“than give up [his] principles.” Mary Jane’s strong convictions
continued through the Civil War, where she was a Unionist in a border
state, and after the war, she became a suffragist and supported her
daughters’ work to gain enfranchisement. Mary then stated that with a
mother such as that, a person “cannot wonder that I, her daughter,
should naturally be found advocating the liberty and civil and political
equality of women.”</p>
<p>In a short piece on Mary in <em>A Woman of Century: Fourteen
Hundred-seventy Biographical Sketches Accompanied by Portraits of
Leading American Women in all Walks of Life</em> (1893), her revelation
about women’s place in society came after attending a convention held in
Cleveland, Ohio, where she saw Lucy Stone speak sometime around 1868
and 1869. From that point on, Mary began to not only read pamphlets and
books published on the topic of gender inequality, but she began to
write her own pieces and submit them to newspapers. Along with written
articles, Mary also spoke to legislatures at both the state and national
level about the need for political equality for women.</p>
<p>One such speech before the U.S. House Judiciary Committee, given on March 8, 1884 and recorded in <em>History of Woman Suffrage</em>
(vol. IV), saw Mary pleading for change on behalf of women, noting that
it was like a debate between “a subject class with a ruling class.”
Continuing on in her speech, Mary noted the disparity in treatment of
men and women, stating that up until they come of age, boys and girls
are treated the same. After that point, however, a “boy becomes a free
human being” and “the girl remains a slave, a subject.” This leaves
women without the ability to vote and therefore “powerless either to
punish or reward.” To conclude her speech to the Judiciary Committee,
and to summarize her belief in why women needed enfranchisement, Mary
stated that men needed a woman’s “sense of justice and moral courage,”
while women needed “the ballot for self-protection.” <a href="https://www.wgpfoundation.org/historic-markers/mary-barr-clay/" target="_blank">William G. Pomeroy Foundation website </a><br /></p><p> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiheNZ1VuKYm2mNoR_-2e7FzfGcsm7fAiNPF1WbhqTbVZJ7v8GlBp1AxeJJtmGuWv9Lk9ZuzRjMp9vXvGkUHPAZBibDFi1f-kEHZIrEtDqig6pFE5ZSlREZzfzLsn2iZ0nTsFQ-JDtS1qzo7nki2qpuMIXi1RVezwoVh4FUVW2N-udcy9SGnjkgxSE0lI4/s3172/Relationship_%20Edward%20ROCKSTEIN%20to%20Mary%20Barr%20Clay.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3172" data-original-width="818" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiheNZ1VuKYm2mNoR_-2e7FzfGcsm7fAiNPF1WbhqTbVZJ7v8GlBp1AxeJJtmGuWv9Lk9ZuzRjMp9vXvGkUHPAZBibDFi1f-kEHZIrEtDqig6pFE5ZSlREZzfzLsn2iZ0nTsFQ-JDtS1qzo7nki2qpuMIXi1RVezwoVh4FUVW2N-udcy9SGnjkgxSE0lI4/s16000/Relationship_%20Edward%20ROCKSTEIN%20to%20Mary%20Barr%20Clay.png" /></a></div><br /><p><br /></p><p> </p><p> </p>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0